2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
（考试时间：下午14:00-17:00）
考生注意事项
1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2.选择题答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
3.填（书）写部分必须使用黑签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B 铅笔填涂。
4.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you’re making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.
Let’s look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.
Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.
Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.
But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.
This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.
1. [A] purchase [B] profit [C] connection [D] bet
2. [A] define [B] predict [C] prioritize [D] appreciate
3. [A] exclusively [B] temporarily [C] potentially [D] initially
4. [A] experiment [B] proposal [C] debate [D] example
5. [A] identical [B] marginal [C] provisional [D] traditional
6. [A] rumor [B] secret [C] myth [D] problem
7. [A] despite [B] unlike [C] through [D] besides
8. [A] moreover [B] however [C] therefore [D] again
9. [A] inspected [B] created [C] expanded [D] reformed
10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal
11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack [D] decrease
12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight
13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting [D] transferring
14. [A] As a result [B] At any rate [C] By the way [D] In a sense
15. [A] unite [B] finance [C] follow [D] choose
16. [A] share [B] identify [C] divide [D] broaden
17. [A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D] accomplishment
18. [A] famous [B] responsible [C] available [D] respectable
19. [A] Before [B] Once [C] while [D] Unless
20. [A] serve [B] limit [C] summarize [D] alter
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
In the quest for the perfect lawns, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square meters of plastic grass is sold each year but oppositions has now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaiming it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.
Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy la st year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environment benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environm ent.”
The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sigh two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures.
However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass require considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.
In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.
It added: “We prefer to help people and organisations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”
21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass ________.
[A] is harmful to the environment
[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles
[C] is overpraised in the annual show
[D] is ruining the view of west London
22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’ ________.
[A] disappointment with the RHS
[B] resistance to fake grass use
[C] anger over the proposed tax
[D] concern about real grass supply
23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out ________.
[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass
[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass
[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns
[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection
24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?
[A] Urge legislation to restrict its use.
[B] Take measures to guarantee its quality.
[C] Remind its users to obey existing rules.
[D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives.
25 It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________.
[A] is being improved continuously
[B] has seen a market share decline
[C] is becoming increasingly affordable
[D] has been a controversial product
Text 2
It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?
But the government is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.
But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and businesses in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.
Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.
The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. An economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.
The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.
The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system —an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.
26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?
[A] Decline of business profits.
[B] Inadequate commercialization.
[C] Lack of transportation services.
[D] Poorly maintained infrastructure.
27. Increased privatization of the campgrounds may _______.
2023考研时间[A] spoil visitor experience
[B] help preserve nature
[C] bring operational pressure
[D] boost visits to parks
28. According to Paragraph 5, most respondents in the survey would _______.
[A] go to national parks on a regular basis.
[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks
[C] agree to pay extra for the national parks
[D] support the national parks’ recent reforms
29. The national parks are valuable in that they _______.
[A] lead the way in tourism
[B] have historical significance
[C] sponsor research on climate
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