Unit 5 Dreams
课内阅读
参考译文
你做梦吗？
1 梦，我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见的事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来这些问题一直让人们感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展对睡眠的自然过程有了较多的认识，然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有提供最终的答案，这些问题还要继续困惑我们。2 人人都做梦——只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。人类脑电波的记录显示我们所有人入睡后就进入梦境。整个夜晚的大多数时间我们都在做梦，但只有当我们处在REM (眼睛迅速转动) 睡眠阶段时醒来，才会记住所做的梦。眼睛迅速转动阶段便是我们做梦的时候。每晚我们有四、五个REM睡眠阶段，第一次出现在入睡后的90分钟左右。此后，梦期每90分钟复现一次，每次持续15到45分钟，持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐增长。
3 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦——让我们以一种截然不同的方式
回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望，以及在潜意识中观察自我，把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。
4 有些梦可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如，梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是因为睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境况，也许是被子裹得太紧的缘故。闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。所有这些都是潜意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。
5 不过这些从生理的角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么我们会做梦。有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈，仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果，然而，有些人则认为最简单的梦都具有重要的含义。
6 有些梦反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子，也许是反映了真实的忧虑，即便这些忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程的期末考试，也许是一门从未修过的，或许是学得很糟的课程。
7 但是，有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义，这是怎么回事呢？多个世纪以来，男男女女都从
所谓的解梦字典中寻答案，这类字典最早的可以追溯到公元前5000年。根据这些字典，梦见喝酒意味着短命，而梦见喝水则预示长寿。
8 一直到公元200年，解梦字典受欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。当时，古希腊的阿尔米多鲁斯写了一部长达五卷的书，解析了3000多个梦，列举了一系列的象征，诸如右手（表示父亲），左手（表示母亲），以及海豚（表示好兆头）。
9 如今，图书馆和书店里有无数的书籍为梦做解析。对于那些热衷于探讨梦的人来说，它们依然深受欢迎。然而，多数专家警告说，读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的思维密切相关，因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为，只有当你了解了做梦的人时，才能发现梦的真正含义。”
III. Post-Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Passage
I. Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (Para. 1)
II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para梦见喝墨水. 2-3)
i) When does dreaming occur?
When we are in REM sleep.
ii) What are the main purposes of sleeping?
To give us rest and to allow us to dream.
III. Possible causes of dreams (Para. 4-6)
i) Physiological.
Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.
ii) Reflection of inner fears.
Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.
IV. Dream interpretation (Para. 7-9)
i) The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life.
ii) Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).
iii) Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) T 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) F 10) F
3. Comparing Views
Samples
― I agree with Saunders’ opinion. First, different people have different social backgrounds
and experiences. They may see the world in different ways. Second, I don’t think dreams are closely related to real life. So, it’s easy to make mistakes if you try to interpret someone’s dreams without knowing the person well enough.
― I think it is possible to analyze a dream without knowing the dreamer. If we share the same language and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings. Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesn’t mean we can’t understand each other. I’m very interested in learning about dreams and ways of analyzing dreams.
Vocabulary
1. 1) explanation 2) enthusiasts 3) frustrating 4) popularity 5) unconscious
6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9) interpretation 10) countless
2. Part A
1) asleep 2) sleepless 3) sleep 4) sleepy 5) asleep 6) slept 7) sleeping, sleep 8) sleeper
Part B
1) submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake （使）浸没，淹没
2) subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society 亚文化
3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇
4) subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass 地铁
5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero 零度以下的
6) Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have very hot weather 副热带的，亚热带的
7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species （物种的）亚种
8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常的
3. 1) progressed 2) puzzled 3) process 4) reflected 5) predict 6) advances
7) symbol 8) ancient 9) error 10) conscious 11) analysis 12) inner
Translation
1. You will see that what I am saying now will come true.
2. The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep.
3. The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.
4. His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.
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