美国，我们的故事
第九集：萧条-----------------------------01
第十集：二战-----------------------------18
第十一集：超级大国-------------------36
第十二集：黄金时代-------------------56
美国曾经繁荣然而此刻却满眼萧条 America boom. But now, it's bust.
大萧条席卷全国 The Great Depression explodes across America.
社会动荡民生凋敝旱情四起 Social upheaval, poverty, drought.
考验美国的时刻到了 It's time fight back.
美国精神也正是在 The American spirit is forged
大萧条的烈火中铸就 in the fires of Great Depression.
我们是前锋也是先驱 We and trailblazers.
我们为自由而战 We fight for freedom.
我们将梦想付诸现实 We transform our dreams into the truth.
我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生 Our struggles will become a nation.
美国: 我们的故事
第九集萧条
20世纪20年代是美国的繁荣时期 The 1920s is boom time in America.
金钱如潮涌来油井不断开采 Money flows and oil wells explode.
农民们挣扎求生城市却飞速扩张 Though farmers are struggling, cities expand. 摩天大楼擎天之势让高攀的股指也望尘莫及 Skyscrapers go higher than the stock market.
对汽车和类似好莱坞的 Aspirations run wild for cars
近郊豪宅的渴望急剧膨胀 and suburban housing projects like Hollywoodland.
到1929年 By 1929,
广告业产值超过了国民教育支出 more money is spent on advertising than on education. 所谓消费至上和资本主义让我们有点飘飘然了 We got a little carried away with consumerism and capitalism
珍妮特·沃尔斯 [著名作家]
到头来反受其害 and it bite us in the butt.
繁荣的根基是银行信用体系 The boom is built on credit.
1929年 In 1929,
美国人用信用卡买了60亿美元的商品 $6 billion of goods are bought on credit,
与此同时 80%的美国人却没有丝毫积蓄 but 80% of Americans have no savings at all. 有的股票市值高达 Some stocks are valued at
其实际价值的50倍 50 times what they're really worth.
一个巨大的泡沫即将破灭 A giant bubble just ready to burst.
1929年10月该来的还是来了 By October 1929, the inevitable happens.
股票市场3个星期内 The stock market loses 12 times
蒸发掉的市值 more money in three weeks,
相当于美国政府一年财政开支的12倍还多 than the US government uses in a year. 整个国家很可能就此一蹶不振 The entire country could've gone down--
汤姆·布罗考 [原NBC新闻主播]
从经济角度来看也确实几乎如此 and almost did, from an economic point of view. 股市崩溃后整整一年 For a year after the stock-market crash,
美国经济徘徊在深渊的边缘 America's economy teeters on the edge of the abyss. 1930年12月 December 1930.
纽约街头非常平静 The streets of New York are quiet.
离1929年股市崩溃已经一年多了 It's been a year since the stock-market crash of 1929,
不过只有2%的人口是股民 but only 2% of the population own stocks.
其他98%的人生活依旧如常 The other 98% get on with their lives.
直到这一天 Until today.
这个人即将从根本上 This man is about to shake
动摇美国人对银行体系的信心 America's confidence in its banks to its very core. 他在一间本地银行存了钱 He's put his money in his local bank.
合众国银行 The Bank of United States,
几小时后这家银行将面临倒闭的命运 a bank that has only hours left to exist. 他从报上读到了一则质疑该银行稳定性的消息 But a newspaper article questions his bank's stability.
4家银行并购提案取消
正是从这一刻起一石激起千层浪 This is the moment that begins a chain reaction 整个国家的经济体系变得岌岌可危... that will shake the whole country' 我们并不清楚这人姓甚名谁 yet we don't even know the man's name.
只知道《纽约时报》刊载了他的故事 But his story was recorded by "The New York Times." 一名布朗克斯区的小商贩 A small merchant in the Bronx
来到合众国银行的一家支行 went to a branch of the Bank of United States
要求银行职员 and asked bank officials to
把他的股票抛售掉 dispose of his stock in the institution.
您好先生有什么可以为您效劳的 Good day, sir, how may I help you?
好的我想卖掉我在这家银行的股份 Yes, I'd like to withdraw my shares from the bank.
再说一遍好吗先生 I beg your pardon, sir?
银行的规章制度此时已是一纸空文 Bank regulations are virtually nonexistent at the time.
由于房地产投资失败 Bad real-estate investments mean
这家银行只能靠做假帐来勉强维持 the bank has only kept itself afloat by cooking the books.
您好先生需要我帮忙吗 Good day, sir, how may I be of assistance?
我要卖掉我的股份 I'd like to sell my shares.
先生这投资很不错 Well, the stock is a good investment, sir.
我建议您不要卖 I would advise against the sale.
我要拿回我的钱 I want my money.
这家银行最怕的就是客户大规模提现 The last thing the bank needs is to hand out all its cash.
最近我们面临的又一次金融危机 We almost witnessed that fairly recently
历史惊人地相似悲剧重演了 and I've seen what can go on, and I've seen travesty. 唐纳德·J·特朗普 [美国地产大亨]
显然他走后散布了一个谣言 He departed and apparently spread a false report, 说这家银行拒绝兑现他的股份 that the bank had refused to sell his stock.
中午时分 By mid-afternoon,
一大批人聚集在银行外面 a considerable crowd had gathered outside the bank,
人数估计有两万到两万五 estimated at between 20,000 and 25,000 persons.
就在这一天担忧化为了恐慌 This is the day worry turns to panic.
银行会走上股市的老路吗 Would the banks go the same way as the stock market?
歇斯底里的情绪像野火一样蔓延着 Hysteria spreads like wildfire.
仅这一家支行就被提走了两百万美元 $2 million are withdrawn from this branch alone. 即便在银行关门前 Even though all the anxious depositors who
所有情绪激动的提款人都顺利领到了钱 asked for their money before closing time were
他们还是焦躁不安 the crowd became restless.
一小队警察出面控制局势 A squad of police were sent in to control them.
翻译：小坏 remembertoi Jose ww艾取子小Q
校对：安小七精校：小坏 Joanna
时间轴：马小样顾问：小跳
后期：鱼骨头总监：小坏
风波也殃及了其他支行 The trouble spreads to other branches.
第二天早上 By the next morning,
合众国银行倒闭 the Bank of United States has collapsed.
民众对美国银行体系的信心土崩瓦解 Confidence in US banks disintegrates.
1930年最后两个月 600家银行倒闭 In the last 60 days of 1930, 600 banks shut. 一波又一波银行倒闭狂潮席卷全国 Banks close in wave after wave across the country. 1933年全美有28个州没一家银行营业 By 1933, there are 28 states without a single bank open.
与如今不同 Unlike today,
当时联邦政府并不为银行担保 the federal government does not bail out the banks. 失业人数从1930年的400万 Unemployment goes from 4 million in 1930
飙升至1932年的1200万 to 12 million in 1932.
每天有1000个家庭流离失所 Every day, 1,000 homes are repossessed.
20万名流浪儿无家可归 200,000 vagrant children wander the country.
3400万美国人丧失经济来源 34 million Americans have no source of income.
大萧条是美国的悲剧 It was an American tragedy, the Depression was,
布莱恩·威廉斯 [NBC晚间新闻主播]
只有美国人自己的智慧才能拯救自己 and it took American ingenuity to lift America out of it.
复兴之路从这里开始 The fight back starts here.
由政府出资私人承建的大型工程项目Vast building projects, publicly
这就是人称"快手"的弗兰克·克罗 This is Frank "Hurry Up" Crowe.
他已成功承建6座水坝按时完工且不超预算 He's already built six dams on time and under budget.
现在他把目光投向了更大的目标 And now he has his eye on something even bigger: 科罗拉多河 the Colorado River.
我十分渴望修建这个大坝 I was wild to build this dam,
使之成为最宏伟无与伦比的大坝 the biggest dam ever built by anyone, anywhere. 科罗拉多河是世上 The Colorado River is one of the
水流最湍急的河之一 most powerful rivers in the world.
从这些峡谷里每秒钟奔腾而下的水量 Every second, twice as much water
相当于尼亚加拉大瀑布水流量的两倍 tears through these canyons than goes over Niagara Falls.
弗兰克·克罗的计划是驾驭这条河 Frank Crowe's plan is to harness it.
这条河所蕴含的水和水力发电 The water and hydroelectricity
将改变整个西南部 will transform the whole of the Southwest.
1931年3月4日 March 4, 1931.
联邦政府一声令下 The government gives the go-ahead
开始修建胡佛水坝 to build the Hoover Dam.
胡佛水坝尚未动工之时 The Hoover Dam, even before they started building it,
就被视为一种象征 it became a metaphor,
人们视之为美国精神的象征不屈不挠 people saw it as a statement of the American's fortitude,
第十二秒故事大概詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大众机械》杂志总编]
独具匠心迎难而上 of our ingenuity, of our talent for hard work
勇往直前 and for our willingness to
改造世界 transform the environment around us.
这座水坝的造价 The Hoover Dam will cost
相当于今天的10亿美元 nearly $1 billion in today's money.
弗兰克·克罗如果能迅速完工 Frank Crowe is offered a 2.5% cut of the dam's profits 便可得到水坝盈利的2.5%作为报酬 if he gets the job done quickly.
预计要花6年才能建成水坝 It should take 6 years to build,
但弗兰克说他只需4年即可完工 but Frank says it can be done in 4.
全国各地共有四万两千人 42,000 men come from across the country
来这个美国最大的工地工作 looking for jobs on the biggest construction site in America.
弗兰克·克罗收了五千名 Frank Crowe takes 5,000 men
最能吃苦耐劳且干活麻利的 willing to work harder and faster than anyone else. 优胜劣汰 The survival of the fittest.
人们为了得到工作不惜一切代价 Men are ready to do anything for work.
美国有着一种人定胜天的精神 There's a large cando attitude in the United States 鲍勃·鲁兹 [前通用汽车公司副总裁]
几个世纪以来的事实也表明 and it come soon the fact that over the centuries,
尽管前路有着许多艰难险阻 there has been a lot of adversity,
我们终能凯旋而归 and we have usually triumphed.
首先是成功开发了 First was the triumph of
这片辽阔的大陆 developing this whole vast continent,
然后又在大平原上铺设了铁路 putting in railroad lines,
还建成了所有这些宏大的工程 putting in all the civil engineering to support it, 建设胡佛水坝 putting in Hoover Dam.
全都是不可思议的巨大挑战 These were all incredible challenges.
建成水坝需要两个步骤 There are two stages to building the dam.
第一步让河水改道绕过工地周围 First, divert the river around the worksite. 第二步建起这座巨堤 Second, build the colossal wall.
为了让水流湍急的科罗拉多河改道 To divert the raging Colorado,
需要钻透长达3英里的岩石 four massive tunnels are
建成4条巨大的隧道 drilled through 3 miles of solid rock.
每条隧道的宽度堪比四车道高速公路 Each tunnel is as wide as a four lane highway 高度则有5层楼 and is tall as a 5-story building.
每秒钟有150万加仑的水 A million and a half gallons of water
从这些隧道中奔腾而过 flow through here every second.
胡佛水坝是 The Hoover Dam was a statement
美国最好的写照 about what America is all about.
不惜一切代价 Nothing is too big to take on.
我们必将改变这个国家 We are going to change this country.
弗兰克·克罗本就分秒必争 If Frank Crow was in a hurry before,
现在更是压力倍增 now the pressure is double.
无论时间还是资金 Time and money.
隧道只能在枯水季节挖掘 The tunnels can only be dug when the river is low.
而枯水期每年只有四个月 That's only four months in a year.
资金也是个问题 And the money.
工程每延期一天 There is a $3,000 fine for every day
就要3000美元 the project falls behind the schedule.
时间不等人 The clock is ticking.
弗兰克的解决之道一如既往地大胆 Frank's answer is as bold as he is.
巨大的移动钻孔机 Gigantic mobile drilling rigs.
4层脚手架搭在卡车上面 4 stories of scaffolding mounted on the backs of trucks. 多达30名工人 Up to 30 men drill into
一天24小时不停地钻 the rock around the clock, 24 hours a day.
比通常的钻孔进度快上10倍 They move ten times faster than normal drilling.
隧道内温度高至华氏140度[60摄氏度] Temperatures hit 140 degrees in the tunnels. 弗兰克还是催得更急 Frank just pushes harder.
他要求钻孔工人们相互竞争 The drilling crews compete against each other.
哪队每天能钻更多 Which will drill the furthest every day?
正如钻孔工人马里昂·艾伦所言 As drill man Marion Allen puts it:
其实干多干少并不会怎么样 It didn't make any difference what you did,
但你必须要比其他人多干 but you had to beat that other crew.
卡车排放出致命废气 Deadly fumes pump out of the trucks.
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