第一部分：语法讲解
专题一：冠词
一、考纲解读
the a/an 无o
考点、冠词（定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词）。
重点：冠词活用，表泛指、特指的用法。
五年江苏高考考点分布：泛指类指1题，特殊专指1题、习语1题、冠词活用3题。
二、知识归纳
1、冠词的类别
冠词名次eg
a（n）一个□c单1、A hores is enough（表数量）
泛a（n）一类□c单2、A hores is a useful animal（表个体）指the一类□c单3、The hores is a useful animal（表全体）o一类□c单4、O Horses are useful animals
o □u5、O Water is a liquid
特□u6、The water in this well is sweet
指the □c单7、The horse tied to the tree belongs to Mr Smith
□c复8、The horses under the trees are Jack’s Tips：1）□c单泛指时用a/an
2|）□c单□u泛指时不用冠词
3）无论□c还是□u特指都用the
2、不定冠词的用法
a university student a union
★①a+辅音音素eg a Eurapeon bay、 a one-eyed monkey、 a useful tool、aunited family
an+元音音素eg an hour、an honour、an honest boy、There is a“u”、an“am”and a “p”in thew
★不是字母，是音素！所谓元音音素就是看单词第一个字母的发音，通常说的最多的是对于字母“u”的区别，当字母u发音为“∣ju:∣”时，如useful l European，则用a
注：□c表示可数名词，单表单数
□u表示不可数名词，复表复数
○1表示for exemple
○2表示“一个”与数词one相同
eg.He is Frenchmon,not on Americon.
○3占专有名词连用便是“某一个”“一个叫”的人
万圣节2022年是几月几日eg.A mr smith is woiting for you ot the school gate.
○4表示“每一个”相当于per 用于某些时间、数量、长度等单位前
eg 500 dollars a ton :60 mile an hour:tuice a week.
★○5 a + mast 表示“very”
中国最宜居城市eg this is a mast Interesting book.That is a best dictronary.
= this is a very Interesting book.That is a very good dictronary.
Thps除了mast，还有其他表示最高级的词，如best等，也一样用。
★○6 a+序数词，表示“再一”“又一”
eg You can try it.a second time if you foil.
When I sat down.afifth man rose to speak.
不表示第五个而是又一个男的
○7a(n)+名词，作表语（表职业）
eg He became a suilor ofter he grew up.
★但 He turned sailor after he grew up.
○8表“同一”“相同”等于the same
Eg They are of on age =They are of the some age.
Birds of a feather flock together.(物以类聚)
○9感叹句中
Eg what a splendid performonce it is!
How serious the problem it is!
Tips：这里详细讲一下what与how在感叹句中的用法。
1）What 只对名词发感叹
○1what+a(an)+(形容词)+单□c
Eg what a day!
What a beautiful girl she is!
○2what+（形容词）+复□c
Eg what good students they are!
○3what+（形容词）+□u
Eg what bad weather!
2)How 可以对形容词、副词、名词、谓语动词发感叹
○1How+形容词
Eg how cold it is today!
○2How+副词
Eg How fast they are running!
○3How+形容词+a(on)+单□c
Eg How good an example he set to us!
○4How+many ∣much∣few∣little+名词
Eg How mary books he has!
○5对谓语动词发感叹
Eg How time flies!
华丽的分割线。下面回到不定冠词的用法
○10在so,as,too,how+形容词后
我们再也回不去了对不对Eg He is so famous a poet that he is admired by oters.
It is as fine a day os I have ever spent.
It is too difficult a book for you to read.
He doesn’t know how precious a thing it is.
○11在half,mony,quite,rather,such后
Eg half a doien of apples.mary a flouer,quite a good idea.鸡汤怎么炖好喝
Rather a deuer boy,such a funny expression.
○12物质名词具体化，表一类/阵/份。
Eg a heary rain /a coffce /a wonderful idea.
○13抽象名词具体化，表一个具体的人或事
Eg a great success/it is an honour to┄/it is a pleasure to…
○14碰上独一无二东西前有修饰语时
Eg we can see a full moon tnight.
China hopes to hove a peaceful and friendly world in the rlst century. Tips：若无修饰词，用the，如the moon
○15在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐前的名词有修饰语时
Eg we had a very cold winter last year.
A rainy Sunday I a wonderful lunch
○16首次提到的可数名词单数前
Eg There is a man at the gate.The man is Tom.
顺德旅游○17可数名词泛指一类人或物前
Eg A teacher must love his students.
○18某些固定短语
A great deal of+□u a number of as a resut of get in a word a great many+□u 复 a lot of all of a sudd in a hurry 匆忙
go for a walk 出去散步 do a good deed 做好事
多地上调2021年最低工资标准after a while 过一会 hare a cold /look/rest/swim/fever/seat etc
in a short while 不久即可 have a good time /time/trip etc.
once in a while 不时偶尔 once upon a time 从前
once at a time 一次一个 be a waste of 浪费
2）定冠词的使用
○1用在姓氏复数前，表一家人夫妇二人
Eg The Greens are at table.
○2用在年代、朝代名词及逢+的数词（表北欧个年代）前
Eg the Tang Dgnasty / in the 1990’s 或in他和1980s
○3用在表量度单位的名词前，表示“每一”
Eg I have hired the car by the hour
○4句型动词+sb+介词+the+身体某一部分中的the不可用人称物主代词代替Eg take sb by the arm ./bit sb in the face.
He red in the face(脸红)/he blind in the eye(眼瞎)
○5说及个类属的名词前
Eg The lion is more fierce than the wolf.
○6表方向、方位的名词前
Eg in the east /west/north/south
On the right
○7表自然现象名词前
EG the weather、the climate、the wind
*前面永远无冠词的词有：nature/cpace/health
（太空）
○8用才形容词前使之名词化、表一类人或事物
EG the poor/the unemployed/the impossible
○9乐器、文娱场所前
EG play the violin/piano/guitar
go to the cinema
*中国乐器前不用the，如play erhu（二胡）
当乐器作普通名词时，不用the，如：HE is playing a borrowed vioun ○10在某项发明的单数名词前
EG The telephone was invented……
○11用在only、right、same、vary之前，just之后
EG the only person
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