专题11 动词的主谓一致
2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全
【考点详解】
【命题解读】
主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要命题点，指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致。它主要以语法填空和短文改错的形式来测试。由于汉语中不存在主谓一致的问题，所以这是一个考生经常出错的知识点。
【命题预测】
预计2023年高考对主语是分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句的主谓一致问题仍然将会是高考命题的热点。命题侧重继续以语法填空和短文改错为主
【复习建议】
1.掌握三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则
2.注意句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词
3.注意其他提示信息，如主句的时态、时间状语、关键词等
4.系统全面地学习，应对此部分所讲内容认真学习，碰到错误，对照所讲知识出错误根源，不断夯实基础
考点一 （语法一致原则）
(1)当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
①The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to
go abroad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
②My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing.
我父亲和他的同事们去过北京。
【真题剖析】
【2022真题 改错】Amy, as well as her brothers, were given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
【答案】were改为was
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态和语态。句子主语的中心词为as well as her brothers前面的Amy, 故谓语应使用单数形式。由时间状语last week可知谓语动词应为一般过去时，分析句意可知主语应当是“被欢迎”，故正确答案为was given。
【真题剖析】
【2022真题】The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。题干主语中心词为介词短语as well as前面的musician，故谓语应使用单数形式。由状语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知应当使用过去时，故选was invited。
(2)由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of,enough等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。
③A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
④A great deal of water is polluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
但quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。
⑤Quantities of information are available on the Internet. 在网上可得到大量的信息。
对比: A large quantitiy of clothes was burnt. 大量的衣服被烧毁。
(3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
4虎.怎么恢复删除的聊天记录【典例剖析】
【2022 全国卷Ⅲ 改错】The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
【答案】include改为includes
【解析】考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，定语从句修饰先行词place，故谓语动词应当使用单数形式，由上下文可知此处应用一般现在时，故将include改为includes。
⑥Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
马来西亚签证在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
⑦He married Mary, which was very natural.
他娶了玛丽，这是很自然的事。
对比：Mr Lee， who is now downstairs, is asking to see you.
The lees, who are now downstairs, 折盒are asking to see you.
(4)倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。
⑧A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
⑨Rows of fruit trees were on either side.
→On either side were rows of fruit trees.
在每一边都有一排排的果树。
【典例剖析】
Among all my friends _____(be)a special one I'm most thankful to.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句子开头部分为介词短语，介词不能用作主语。分析句子结构可知，词句为倒装句，主语为a special one，故填is。
b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
⑩He is a doctor.
→It is he who is a doctor.
他是一名医生。
2．就近一致原则
(1)由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
①Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music of this kind.
不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
②Neither the children nor the mother knows anything about it.
除螨吸尘器
孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事。
(2)在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
③There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。
3．意义一致原则
(1)and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
①Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.
她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
②The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
五险一金个人与公司缴纳比例③Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
(3)动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
④To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
⑤That he has won the game is known to us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。
⑥Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.
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