第7讲 高频词1+六选四1+定语从句+应用文建议信 原卷版
一、高频词
A | |
1.上船，登机（prep.）aboard 在国外（adv.）abroad 寄宿学校 boarding school 董事会 the board | 15．年龄，时代（n.）age 老龄化问题 aging problem 与时俱进 keep pace with the age |
2.不在的，缺席的（adj.） absent 搭配结构：be absent from 缺席（n.） absence 在场的，出席的（adj.）present 搭配结构：be present at 出席（n.）presence | 16. 分析（vt.）analyze 分析（n.）analysis 强调（v.）emphasize 强调（n.）emphasis |
3.接近，利用（n.） access = 可接近，可得到（短语）have access to | 17.周年纪念日（n.）anniversary 年度的（adj.）annual 成人仪式 grown-up ceremony |
4.偶然的，意外的（adj.）accidental 同义词=：casual | 18.显然的（adj.）apparent 同义词=obvious |
5.由于 on account of 占比 account for | 19.家用电器 household appliance |
6．指控控告某人（两种） charge sb. with=accuse sb. of | 20.申请，应用 apply to 调整（v.） adjust |
7. 习惯于（三种） be accustomed to be used to be habituated to | 21.批准，赞成（v.）approve 批准，赞成（n.）approval 反义词：disapprove |
8.得到（vt.） acquire 得到（n.）acquisition 要求（vt.）require 要求（n.）requirement | 22.引起公众的注意 arouse the public’s attention |
9.适应，改编（v.）adapt 呼吁，上诉（v.）appeal 收养（vt.）adopt | 23.评估，评价（vt.）assess = evaluate 进化（v.）evolve 消除（vi.）eliminate 灭绝（adj.）extinct 粗略估计 at a rough estimate |
10.向……致辞；处理（vt.）address | 24.确保（vt.） assure 确保（vt.）ensure 保险（vi.）insure |
11.行政机关（n.）administration 管理（v.）administer 权威，官方（n.）authority | 25.吸引（vt.）attract 使分心（vt.）distract 干扰（vt.） disturb |
12.准许进入（n.）admission 招募（vt.）recruit | 26.对……极为重视 lay too much emphasis on sth. |
13.预先，事先 in advance=ahead of time | 27.充分意识到（两种） Be fully aware of =be fully conscious of |
14.影响（v.）affect 影响（n）effect 喜爱，慈爱（n.）affection | |
B-C | |
1.细菌（n.）bacteria （复数）bacterium 数据（n.）data （复数）datum | 24.有能力的（adj.）capable 能力（n.） capability |
2.劳逸结合 keep the balance between work and play | 25.绝不（两种）in no case/under no circumstance |
3.赤裸的（adj.）bare 一……就：barely…when | 26.便衣警察 police with casual clothes |
4.讨价还价（vi.）bargain | 27.停止（v.）cease |
5.障碍（n.）barrier = obstacle | 28.开幕式 opening ceremony |
6.以……为基础（两种）be based on be hooked in =be anchored in 基础（n.）basis 建立在常规基础上 on a regular basis | 29.平民的，国内的（adj.）civil 平民（n.）civilian 使文明，使开化（vt.）civilize 文明，开化（n.）civilization |
7.正要做某事……却（about短语） be about to do…when | 30.认领（v.）claim龙虾的做法 失物认领处 Lost and Found |
8.忍受（三种）tolerate=bear=stand | 31.指控某人 charge sb. with sth. |
9.受益匪浅 benefit a lot | 32.咀嚼（v.）chew |
10.使粘合，束缚（vt.）bind 一定会，负有……义务be bound to | 33.分类（v.）classify 分类（n.）classification 排列（v.）rank |
11.把……归咎于某人（两种） blame sth. on sb.=blame sb. for sth. | 34.倒塌，崩溃（v.）collapse 腐败（n.）corrupt |
12.属于（v.）belong 所有物，财产（n.）belongings | 35.精通 have a good command of |
13.吹嘘（v.）boast 夸张（vi.）exaggerate | 36.商业，贸易（n.）commerce 商业广告（n.）commercial |
14.售票处 booking office 预约（v.） book =reserve | 37.致力于 be committed to 委员会（n.）committee |
15.发自内心地 from the bottom of one’s heart | 38.比较（n.）comparison |
16.微风吹拂着头发 with the breeze blowing through hair | 洪洞县邮编39.复杂的（adj.两种）complicated/complex |
17.行贿（vt.）bribe 行贿（n.） bribery | 40.赞美（n.）compliment 隐藏（v.）conceal |
18.拓展眼界 broaden one’s horizon | 41.承认，坦白（vt.）confess（n.）confession |
19.撞上，碰见 bump into | 42.收缩（v.）contract （反义词）inflate |
20.担负重任 shoulder the burden/be burdened with | 43.与……形成对比in contrast with 鲜明对比a sharp contrast |
21.专心于（两种）be buried in/be absorbed in | 44.罪犯（n.）criminal 嫌疑犯（n.）suspect |
22.号召 call on 要求，需要 call for 23.竞选，战役（n.） campaign | 45.批评家（n.）critic 至关重要的（adj.）critical = |
C-D |
1.凭借着勤奋和绝对实力，Lily在面试中脱颖而出。（candidate） Lily stood out over other candidates for diligence and absolute ability. |
2.尽管结果不尽如人意，但他仍然坚持自己的学术研究。（despite） Despite the result which is far from satisfactory, he still sticks to his academic study. |
3.中国对韩国宣战因为韩国无原则地侵犯中国的尊严。（declare） China declares the war on Korea because Korea invaded China’s dignity without discipline. |
4.数位代表出席了有关于中国政治和经济发展的会议。（delegate） Several delegates attended the conference about Chinese political and economic development. | 邮箱打不开怎么办
5.不管谁指出我们的缺点都应该收到回报。（deserve） Whoever points out our shortcomings deserves a reward. |
6.那些为科学发展献身的人推动了社会的快速发展。（devote） Those who are devoted to science have promoted the development of society. |
7.第一次到纽约的时候，我对所见所闻表现出极大的好奇心。（On） The first time I visited New York, I was curious about what I saw and heard. |
8.他否认违反交通规则，而将事故责任推到卡车司机身上。（deny） He denied breaking the traffic rules and blamed the truck driver for the accident. | 怎么升级鸿蒙
9.她下定决心不惜任何代价不让父母失望。（determined） She is determined not to let her parents down at any cost. |
| 马斌不雅照 10.我校正不遗余力地满足学生对课外活动的需求。（demand） Our school is making effort to meet the demands of students for activities after class. |
11.由于需要进一步修改，他将书推迟到明年出版。（delay） As the book needs further revising ,he has delayed publishing the book until next year |
12.他仍然昏迷不醒，随时有生命危险。（danger） He remains unconscious and is in danger of losing his life at any moment. |
二、六选四
六选四题型概述
选句填空"（俗称"六选四"）是2017年上海高考英语试卷中启用的题型。学生需从所给的六个选项中选取四个填入文中的空格处，使文章从内容、语言、结构上都符合逻辑。考生在备考这一部分时,需意识到以下几点：
（1.）通读全文，对文章内容有整体理解，包括文章的主题、写作的目的、毎一段的大意等;
（2.）阅读空格所在段落，尤其是空格前后句，判断空格处需填入句子的功能，并根据据后句的内容基本确定需填入句子的内容；
（3.）阅读所给的六个句子，从中选择符合文章内容及行文逻辑的句子；
（4.）通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。
英语文章主题句常出现的位置
（一）段落主题句
文章是由段落构成的。段落是由围绕一个中心思想的一个或几个有逻辑关系的句子组成的。就结构 和内容而言，段落是相对完整的，篇章是通过各个段落的中心思想来表现其主题的。一般来讲，一个段落只有一个中心思想，即一个主题。段落中的其他句子都是用来说明、支持和扩展这一主题的。反映整个段 落中心思想的句子叫主题句（Topic Sentence) 。主题句是全段的核心，统帅全段，并且决定着全段的发展 方向。它只提示在本段中要阐述的观点，而不是整篇文章中要说明的问题。 在语言结构上，主题句往往包括一个中心主题和一个需要在段落中加以发展的核心部分。中心主题 指出本段讲的是什么人或什么事物，核心部分则指出本段侧重该人物或该物的某个或某些方面。Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit.这句的中心主题是praise(赞扬），其段落将围绕着”对人的精神来说.praise (赞扬）就像阳光一样"这个思路发展。离开了这个思想，就将意味着偏离主题。一个好的主题句，要立论严谨、清晰明了、合乎逻辑；要全局在胸，内容具体，简明扼要。主题句所限定或概括的内容不外乎有两点：一是有助于读者更好的理解下文。多数段落都是以主题句打头，开门见山，点明主题，然后再展开具体细节。二是总结全段内容，以便给读者更深刻的印象，供托效果，达到高潮。
（二）主题句的位置
根据表达需要,英语主题句的位置是灵活多变的。一般来讲，主题句可以位于段首、段中、段尾及段前段尾。
1、段首主题句。
在大多数情况下，主题句位于段首，开门见山，点明主题，其它各句都紧紧围绕着主 题句遂步展开。
Even when taking our leave it seems we English are vicitims of some strange deficiencies in our valedictory vocabulary. The standard term 'Goodbye' is both too formal and too final. It may be just the job for usher" ing someone out of your life altogether ; but most leave-takings-for better or worse-are temporary affairs. perhaps in an attempt to escape implications of finality, many people now say (Bye bye' instead; others try to make this particularly nauseating bit of baby-talk more acceptable by shortening it to "Bye".
2、段中主题句。主题句位于段落中间，这种情况相对较少。
Shortly after the war ended, Lincoln was shot while attending a play in a Washington theater. He died within a few hours. The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in which he was held. Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of their prepared sermons. His funeral procession in Washington was miles long Lincoin's body was taken by train back to his former home in spring field, Illinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed , the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the small towns through which the train passed , bells rang in honor of the dead President. Citizens lit torches a- long the railroad track to show their last respects.
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