专题8 事实细节题
【考情分析】
事实细节题是高考英语阅读理解中分布密度最大的一种题型，它考查的对象通常是一个句子或几个句子，要求考生对相关句子进行准确的识别和理解。这类题目难度较低，但数量众多，所以做好事实细节题是阅读理解拿高分的关键。
【考点梳理】
解题策略
1. 直接信息题
这类题目的答案可以从原文的某一句话中直接获取，正确选项大多含有相关句子的单词，只是比原句更加简短紧凑。
【典题链接】
(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读B)
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer.In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
24．What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner?
A．Read music. B．Play the piano.
C．Sing songs. D．Fix the instruments.
【分析】
第一步 关键词：Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
第二步 定位到原文：根据题干中的关键词可以定位到第一段。信息句“I’ve learnt to read music so I can hep Maria in her performance.”
第三步 比对选项：由此可知，提特顿是钢琴家玛丽亚的乐谱翻页者，他学会识谱是为了可以在玛丽亚的表演中帮助她。故选A。
民国文（2020·全国甲卷阅读D篇）
Libraries， in their own way， help fight book piracy（盗版行为） and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do？
nobody中文歌词
A. Sponsor book fairs.
B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries.
D. Purchase her novels.
【点石成金】C 根据I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can可知，作者认为所有作家应当支持图书馆（后面则是就如何支持提出一些建议），C项直接由这个句子简化而来，符合题意。
2. 间接信息题
这种题目介于直接细节题和推理判断题之间，有时也称作信息推断题，正确答案无法在文中直接到。解答这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，做出简单的推导，从而体会文本的言外之意。
【典题链接】（2017·全国甲卷阅读C篇）
山东攻略Around 100 people have already put down a $10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale， and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279，000.
上校军衔相当于什么官29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways？
A. It causes traffic jams.
B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It is very expensive.
D. It burns too much fuel.
【點石成金】C 选文最后两句指出，不要指望路上出现太多的飞车，因为每辆飞车的价格预计达到279，000美元。虽然原文并未直接对这一价格进行评论，但这两个句子在逻辑上属于因果的关系，言外之意就是，价格过高正是飞车难以普及的原因。
【典题链接】（2017·全国乙卷阅读D篇）
...Unfortunately， you must carry the necessary equipment with you， since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required， though， are a 5′× 5′ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic， six feet of plastic tube， and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph？
A. It's delicate. B. It's expensive.
C. It's complex. D. It's portable.
【点石成金】D 根据选文的最后一句可知，这种太阳能蒸馏器可以折叠起来，然后别在腰带上，由此可以看出，这个装置是“便携式的”。尽管原文内容只涉及这一特征的表现形式或实现方式，并未明说它具有这一特点，但只要经过简单推理，就不难得出“这款蒸馏器便于携带”这一结论。
3. 语意转换题
这类题目的正确答案对原文信息进行了同义替换，与原文语句在表达上存在较大差异。解答这类题目时，考生需要进行对比或整理才能出正确答案。
什么的春雨【典题链接】（2020·全国乙卷阅读C篇）
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk， which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact（接触） with the ground at all times.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes？
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
【点石成金】C 根据选文的最后一句可知，参加竞走项目时，运动员的支撑腿要伸直，并且要保证一只脚始终与地面接触。换句话说，竞走运动员必须遵守特定的规则。正是由于这些规则的存在，我们才说当竞走运动员是有条件限制的。the sport's rules require与have to follow special rules虽然表述不同，但均包含“竞走运动的参与者必须遵守规则”这一意义。
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)
Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
34．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
【分析】
第一步 关键词：astonished
代评中级职称第二步 定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词。
第三步 比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。故选C。
4. 归纳概括题
这类题目的信息点较为分散，它们要么由同一段落的多个句子来体现，要么分布在不同的段落。正确答案是用精练的语言来对这些信息点进行归纳或概括。
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