初中英语知识点:实义动词的过去分词
过去分词的用法也有两个特点:一是表示完成,二是表示被动。
实意动词过去分词变化规律和他的过去式变化规律几乎是一样的:
①一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked
②以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced
③以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried,study—studied
④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed,
如stop—stopped,permit—permitted
注意:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled,尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。
特例:picnic—picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需熟记。
实意动词过去式与过去分词的区别:
过去式是发生过的事;
过去分词形式是发生了并且对现在造成影响的事 。
过去式是用来作谓语的
过去分词用于完成时结构的谓语。
另外,在两者的形式也有所差异,有的过去式和过去分词一样 ,有的不一样 .
比如:
begin began begun 就不一样
teach taught taught 就一样
用的时候一定要分清
过去分词结构:
1. 过去分词独立结构
过去分词有时可有其独立主语,二者构成一种独立分词结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中,常用作状语,用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。如:
He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.
他满脸是汗跑进屋来。(表伴随)
This done,we went home.
做完此事,我们就回家了。(表时间)
All our savings gone,the couple started looking for jobs.
积蓄全部用完了,这对夫妻就开始工作。(表原因)
That point settled,the speaker went on to the next one.
那个问题讲完了,演讲人继续讲下一个问题。(表时间)
2. with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构
With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.
每件事都考虑到了,我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。
With different methods used,different results are obtained.
采用不同的方法,得到不同的结果。
She went angrily away without a word spoken.
她一个字也没说,就生气地走了。
3. 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1) 过去分词(短语)在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语,这些词语有: have 让,使 keep 使处于某状态 get 使得
see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现
feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使
want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意
observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态
如:
The work left him exhausted.
这个活使得他筋疲力尽。
The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.
看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了。
工业产品生产许可证The tenant found the house renovated.
房客看到房子已整修过了。
It’s better to leave some things unsaid.
有些事倒是不说的好。
I don’t want my name linked with him.
我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。
The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.
当事人希望此事立刻得到解决。
(2)过去分词(短语)在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语,表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如:
I had my car repaired
我把我的车修好了。(别人修的)
I had my hair cut
篮球投篮训练我理发了。(别人给我理的)
We must get the television set repaired
我们必须把电视机修好。(被别人修)
He had his window broken to pieces.
他的窗户给打破了。(被他人打破)
初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表:
(1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费)cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读)read read
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
锦屏人忒看得这韶光贱beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)亲爱的小妹妹
m356become(变成) became become
awake awoke awoken
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug build built built
get(得到) got got/gotten catch caught caught
hang(吊死) hanged hanged deal dealt dealt
hang(悬挂) hung hung feed fed fed
hold(抓住) held held find found found
shine(照耀) shone shone sit(坐) sat sat
pay paid paid win (赢) won won
send sent sent meet(遇见) met met
shoot shot shot keep (保持) kept kept
tell told told sleep(睡) slept slept
win won won sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt smell(闻) smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled
leave(离开) left left build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said find(到) found found未婚证明格式
have/has(有) had had make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun take(取) took taken
drink(喝) drank drunk mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论