大学英语四级分类模拟题401
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)
High-performing and value-creating companies have learned how to tie together the principles of customer preference, producer economics and corporate finance so that they understand where and how 1 operations and increased market share pay off—and don"t pay off—for their business. In short, they have learned how to find strategic value and capture it by achieving an effective Strategic Market Position, or SMR
When it comes to operating a successful business, conventional wisdom holds that bigger is better. However, 2 on being No. 1 or No. 2 in your market—without first having a very clear 3 of what definition of market share really drives profitability (收益性)—can take some very interesting opportunities off the table. Organizations that 4 to recognize and act on thei
When it comes to operating a successful business, conventional wisdom holds that bigger is better. However, 2 on being No. 1 or No. 2 in your market—without first having a very clear 3 of what definition of market share really drives profitability (收益性)—can take some very interesting opportunities off the table. Organizations that 4 to recognize and act on thei
r Strategic Market Position may be at risk because their 5 天狮学院of market share often does not correlate (相关) with company 6 染发剂品牌排行榜前十名, profitability and strategic growth potential.
In addition to defining market share 7 夫妻吵架怎么办, understanding different approaches to penetrating and growing market share in chosen segments is 8 . By deploying (利用) investments in carefully selected segments, where (among other things) they are potentially poorly served by the dominant players, companies can 9 themselves in their industries strategically and allocate (分配) more assets in fewer, carefully selected ways. As a result, these companies can 10 much higher market shares in their chosen segments.
A. accurately I. fail
B. achieve J. insisting
C. boast K. position
D. carefully L. returns
E. critical M. successful
F. criticism N. technical
G. definition O. understanding
H. expanded（分数：30.00）姜子牙剧情
In addition to defining market share 7 夫妻吵架怎么办, understanding different approaches to penetrating and growing market share in chosen segments is 8 . By deploying (利用) investments in carefully selected segments, where (among other things) they are potentially poorly served by the dominant players, companies can 9 themselves in their industries strategically and allocate (分配) more assets in fewer, carefully selected ways. As a result, these companies can 10 much higher market shares in their chosen segments.
A. accurately I. fail
B. achieve J. insisting
C. boast K. position
D. carefully L. returns
E. critical M. successful
F. criticism N. technical
G. definition O. understanding
H. expanded（分数：30.00）姜子牙剧情
解析：H[解析] 本空应填形容词。修饰operations，与后面的increased market share构成并列关系。故答案为H项expanded。
中国排名前十奶粉品牌解析：J[解析] 本空应填动名词。分析句子结构可知本空应填动名词，构成动名词短语作主语，故应从J项insisting和O项understanding中选择。所填词要能与on搭配，故答案为J项insisting。
解析：O[解析] 本空应填名词。由前面的冠词a可知，此处应填可数名词的单数形式，又能用clear修饰，故应从G项definition，K项position和O项understanding中选择。根据第3段首句中的“除了定义市场份额”可知，第2段主要是在介绍如何定义“市场份额”，也就是对这个概念的“理解”，故答案为O项understanding。
解析：I[解析] 本空应填动词。所填词作定语从句的谓语动词，that指代organizations，故所填词应为动词原形。应从B项achieve和I项fail中选择。文中讲战略市场定位很重要，那么陷于危险(at risk)的一定是那些不能认识到这种战略市场定位的公司，故答案为I项fail。
解析：G[解析] 本空应填名词。由空所在句前面一句中的definition of market share really d
rives profitability及该句中的 ---|||________|||--- of market share often does not 可知，所填词应是definition的同义复现或原词复现，故答案为G项definition。
解析：L[解析] 本空应填名词。所填词应能与后面项profitability和strategic growth potential构成合理的并列关系，故答案为L项returns。
解析：A[解析] 本空应填副词。选项中有两个副词A项accurately和D项carefully。第2段中曾提到对这个概念要有很清楚的认识(a very clear understanding)。A项accurately更能与clear在意思上构成照应，故为答案。
解析：E[解析] 本空应填形容词。本句是一个承上启下的句子，本段主要说的是切入选定的细分市场并增加市场份额的重要性。故答案为E项critical。
解析：K[解析] 本空应填动词。由情态动词can可知，所填词应为动词原形。由and可知本句前后为并列关系。给谨慎挑选出来的少数几个方面分配更多的资源，其结果应该是在市场中占据战略位置，故答案为K项position。
解析：B[解析] 本空应填动词。由情态动词can可知，所填词应为动词原形。有意识地占据
市场战略位置并有效地实施市场策略的结果应该是获得更大的市场份额，achieve能够表达“获得”之意，故答案为B项achieve。
三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)
Exercise to Protect Aging Bodies and Brains
A. We all know that exercise is good for human beings. Staying physically active helps keep your heart healthy and your muscles strong, and to cancer patients it has even been shown to ward off relapse (复发). Now a series of independently conducted studies on the effects of exercise on healthy older adults, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, confirms that logging time at the gym not only helps maintain good health but may even prevent the attack of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, osteoarthritis (骨关节炎) and dementia (痴呆).
B. In one surprising trial, researchers led by Dr. Teresa Liu-Ambrose at the University of British Columbia randomly assigned 155 aging women to three separate groups and dire
ctly compared the cognitive effects of two types of exercise: resistance training, done once or twice weekly, in which participants worked out with free weights and weight machines and did squats and lunges, versus toning and balance exercises, which participants did twice a week. By the end of the year-long study, the women who weight-trained saw an improvement in their performance on cognitive tests of memory and learning as well as in executive functions such as decision-making and conflict resolution—women who trained once a week improved their scores in executive functioning by 12.6%—while those who did balance and toning exercises showed no such improvement. The muscle-strengthening exercise also helped the volunteers, aged 65 to 75, boost their walking speed, a commonly used indicator of overall health status in the elderly, as faster pace has been linked with lower mortality.
C. The Canadian researchers" findings were somewhat unexpected, given that previous studies on the issue have typically focused on aerobic (有氧的) exercise, which experts believe enhances cognitive function by promoting blood flow to the brain. Liu-Ambrose says her team speculated that anaerobic (厌氧的) weight training would have a similar eff
C. The Canadian researchers" findings were somewhat unexpected, given that previous studies on the issue have typically focused on aerobic (有氧的) exercise, which experts believe enhances cognitive function by promoting blood flow to the brain. Liu-Ambrose says her team speculated that anaerobic (厌氧的) weight training would have a similar eff
ect. A resistance-training regimen (疗法) requires a considerable amount of learning, especially for elderly people who may not be accustomed to the equipment. To learn how to use dumbbells, a leg press or a latissimus pull-down machine correctly, for example, the volunteers were required to focus on the task at hand, master new techniques and retain new information about proper and safe use of equipment. Previous studies have shown that such learning can help older adults maintain mental acuity.
D. The women also had to remember their weight settings and adjustments to the seats and keep track of the number of repetitions they completed, says Liu-Ambrose. "There is a lot more learning involved that may not occur if you take up a walking program," she says, noting that it took the volunteers a good two months to get comfortable with the equipment and the training regimen. In addition, Liu-Ambrose says, other studies have found that people who weight-train show an increase in blood levels of a growth factor that is important for maintaining skeletal mass. This factor, it turns out, also promotes nerve growth, which could be another way that resistance training boosts mental function.
E. In a second brain-function study, published in the same journal, scientists in Germany f
D. The women also had to remember their weight settings and adjustments to the seats and keep track of the number of repetitions they completed, says Liu-Ambrose. "There is a lot more learning involved that may not occur if you take up a walking program," she says, noting that it took the volunteers a good two months to get comfortable with the equipment and the training regimen. In addition, Liu-Ambrose says, other studies have found that people who weight-train show an increase in blood levels of a growth factor that is important for maintaining skeletal mass. This factor, it turns out, also promotes nerve growth, which could be another way that resistance training boosts mental function.
E. In a second brain-function study, published in the same journal, scientists in Germany f
ound that increased physical activity was associated with a lower incidence of dementia. In this study, researchers recruited 3,485 elderly residents in Bavaria and asked them about their physical activity. None of the participants had dementia at the start of the analysis, but after two years of follow-up, researchers found that those who exercised at least three times a week were half as likely to have developed dementia, compared with the people who reported no physical activity. Based on his results, says lead author Dr. Thorleif Etgen, a professor of psychiatry and psychotherapy at München University, "It doesn"t make a big difference if you have moderate or high physical activity. The important message is that you do any activity. And even if you start late in life, at 60 or 70, there is a benefit, for it"s never too late to start exercising."
F. The key words are "moderate or high", according to another study that was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Dr. Qi Sun, a researcher at Harvard School of Public Health, analyzed 13,000 women participating in the Nurses" Health Study and found that when it came to exercise, more was better. Compared with women who jogged for 20 minutes a week, those who jogged three hours a week or walked briskly for five hours a
F. The key words are "moderate or high", according to another study that was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Dr. Qi Sun, a researcher at Harvard School of Public Health, analyzed 13,000 women participating in the Nurses" Health Study and found that when it came to exercise, more was better. Compared with women who jogged for 20 minutes a week, those who jogged three hours a week or walked briskly for five hours a
北京奥运会首金week were 76% more likely to age successfully, free of chronic illnesses such as cancer and heart disease, as well as mental and physical impairment. Sun"s group found that this benefit occurred across all weight divisions, meaning that even among those who were overweight or obese, women who exercised improved their odds of aging without chronic disease. The effects may apply across different age groups as well; the women were at least 60 years old by the time they enrolled in the study, and while Sun was not able to determine how long they had been exercising prior to that, the results suggest that the health benefits are not limited to the young.
G. That was the same message of the final exercise paper in the journal, by researchers at University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. In this trial, a group of 246 elderly women were randomly assigned to an 18-month exercise regimen or wellness program. The women participating in the four-times-weekly exercise sessions, which involved aerobics and balance and muscle training, improved their bone mineral density by nearly 2%. The women in the wellness group, which focused on walking, muscle relaxation and breathing skills, had a 0.33% increase in bone mineral density over the same time period.
G. That was the same message of the final exercise paper in the journal, by researchers at University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. In this trial, a group of 246 elderly women were randomly assigned to an 18-month exercise regimen or wellness program. The women participating in the four-times-weekly exercise sessions, which involved aerobics and balance and muscle training, improved their bone mineral density by nearly 2%. The women in the wellness group, which focused on walking, muscle relaxation and breathing skills, had a 0.33% increase in bone mineral density over the same time period.
H. Despite the positive evidence, however, not all researchers are ready to suggest that exercise is a sure－fire prescription against mental decline or chronic disease to healthy people. To make that claim, a large, longer-term, controlled trial would be needed, in which participants are randomly assigned to exercise or not, and are then followed for the development of chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease or dementia.
I. Still, says Dr. Marco Pahor, director of the Institute on Aging at the University of Florida and author of a commentary on the studies appearing in the journal, "If you pool all the evidence together, the benefits of exercise seem promising."（分数：40.00）
I. Still, says Dr. Marco Pahor, director of the Institute on Aging at the University of Florida and author of a commentary on the studies appearing in the journal, "If you pool all the evidence together, the benefits of exercise seem promising."（分数：40.00）
(1).Aerobic exercise raises people"s cognitive function by stimulating blood flow to the brain.（分数：4.00）
解析：C[解析] 题目意为：有氧运动通过改善脑部供血来提升人的认知能力。根据题目中的线索词aerobic exercise, cognitive function和blood flow to the brain将本题定位至C段。该段第1句中的定语从句解释了专家们认为有氧运动提高认知能力：有氧运动会通过改善脑部供血提高人的认知能力。
(2).The studies in the Archives of Internal Medicine show that exercise keeps the healthy elderly from getting some chronic diseases.（分数：4.00）
解析：A[解析] 题目意为：《内科学文献》上的研究表明，锻炼使得身体健康的老年人远离一些慢性疾病。根据题目中的线索词the Archives of Internal Medicine和chronic diseases将本题定位至A段。该段第3句指出，多项研究表明，锻炼不仅可以帮助健康老年人保持身体健康，还有可能帮助他们预防心脏病等慢性疾病。
(3).Different types of exercise taken by elderly women have different effects on their bone mineral density.（分数：4.00）
解析：G[解析] 题目意为：进行不同的锻炼对老年女性的骨密度有不同的影响。根据题目中的线索词elderly women和bone mineral density将本题定位至G段。该段介绍了德国纽伦堡大学对246名老年女性参加运动情况的研究，让她们在同一时段做不同的运动，结果发现她们骨密度增加值却并不相同。
(4).The participants in Liu-Ambrose"s research take the toning and balance exercises twice a week.（分数：4.00）
解析：B[解析] 题目意为：利乌-安布罗斯的研究项目的参与者每周进行两次伸展和平衡。根据题目中的线索词Liu-Ambrose和toning and balance exercises将本题定位至B段。该段第1句主要介绍了特雷莎·利乌-安布罗斯以及她的同伴们所做的研究：将参与者分成三组分别进行耐力训练和伸展及平衡练习。其中伸展及平衡练习的频率是每周两次。
(5).In Dr. Marco Pahor"s opinion, all provided evidence proves that exercise can bring promising benefits.（分数：4.00）
解析：I[解析] 题目意为：马尔科·帕霍尔博士认为，综合现有的证据来看，锻炼的好处显而易见。根据题目中的线索词Dr.Marco Pahor, evidence和promising benefits将本题定位至I段。本段最后一句提到佛罗里达大学老龄问题研究所主任马尔科·帕霍尔的话，指出综合以上种种来看，锻炼大有裨益。
(6).Doing physical activity, whether moderate or high, will benefit people of all ages.（分数：4.00）
解析：E[解析] 题目意为：无论是适度运动还是高强度运动，都对各个年龄段的人有益。根
据题目中的线索词physical activity, moderate or high和benefit将本题定位至E段。该段最后引用德国慕尼黑大学精神病学和心理疗法教授托尔利夫·埃特根博士的话，指出适度运动和高强度运动对于健康而言并没有太大区别；运动对于各个年龄段的人都是有益的。题目是对原文直接引语的同义转述。
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