英语发音规则
一、连读
连读的意义
连读是语调中非常重要的一个组成要素。而语调是让别人更好听懂、更好理解的重要途径——语调的正确,比发音的准确还要重要。因为语调涉及的内容太多,而且很难用文字来描述,所以在这里只讲连读。音的连读在英语的实际运用中,人们常将属于同一意的词连在一起,一口气说出来。意中词与词之间不留空隙,这种读法叫“连读”
生化类小说在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。如:not at all这个短语。连读时听起来就像是一个单词。注意:连读只发生在句子中的同一个意中。在两个意之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现,也不可连读。如:Please take a look at it.这个句子中take a look at it是同一个意,那么take与a可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可连读。在There is a book in it.一句中book与in往往不连读,因为book与in分别在两个不同的意中。
连读的条件
相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重,也不可吞音。(连读符号:~)
连读现象只出现在意内部,意与意之间的两个相邻单词即使符合上面所讲的两个条件,也不连读。如:I hope it'll get a little warmer. 这个句子中的hope it就不连读为/hupit/,因为主句I hope是一个意,后面的从句是另一个意。
连读的规则
(1)“辅音+元音”型连读
在同一个意里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
I’m~an~English boy.
It~is~an~old book.
It~is~an~old book.
Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday.
I called~you half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please.
Not~at~all.
Please pick~it~up.
Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday.
I called~you half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please.
Not~at~all.
Please pick~it~up.
(2)“r/re+元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
They’re my father~and mother.
I looked for~it here~and there.
There~is a football under~it.
There~are some books on the desk.
Here~is a letter for you.
I looked for~it here~and there.
There~is a football under~it.
There~are some books on the desk.
Here~is a letter for you.
Here~are four~eggs.
But where~is my cup?
Where~are your brother~and sister?
注意:如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。
But where~is my cup?
Where~are your brother~and sister?
注意:如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。
例如:The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读)
(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。
Thank~you.
Nice to meet~you.
Did~you get there late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea?
Could~you help me, please?
Nice to meet~you.
Did~you get there late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea?
Could~you help me, please?
(4)“元音+元音”型连读
如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。这种连读不能把辅音w或者j发得太重,否则会显得很傻,但是不发这两个辅音的话又会很难念得顺口。元音音素与元音音素的连读发生的情况比较少,一般是[i:]或[u:]和其它元音音素的连读,同时伴随着音变。
see (j) us
hurry (j) up。
外加音/w/。如果前一个词是由元音[u]结尾,下一个词由元音开头,那么,在[u]后面加上一个辅音[w]
do (w) any
Just do (w) it.
Go (w) away.
How (w) and why did you come here?
(5) 以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音,与前面的辅音连读。
轻辅音[h]的连读,如果前一个单词以辅音音素结尾,后一个单词的读音以轻辅音音素[h]开头,语速较快时,直接穿透[h]与后面的元音音素发生连读。
例如:
What wil(l he) do? [wili]
Ha(s he) done it before? [zi]倡议书格式
Mus(t he) go? [ti]
世界上最快的火车Should he….? [di]
Tell him to ask her…. [li]
Lea(ve him). [vim]
For him [rim] (连读这个词,会发现和forum 很相似)
(6)音的同化
音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受临音影响而变化。
主要是以下三种方式:
1、 辅音[d]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[dʒ],did you听上成了/dIdVu/,would you成了/wudVu/,could you成了/kudVu/。
2、 辅音[t]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[t∫]: Can’t you .... ?
3、 辅音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]: Miss you.
[t] + [j] == [tʃ] [d] +[j] == [dʒ ] [s] + [j] == [∫ ]
aren’t you [tʃ] and you [dʒ ] miss you [∫ ]
wouldn’t you [tʃ防灾减灾顺口溜] because you [∫ ]
此外,这些音变也发生在单词内部
during altitude attitude duty sugar suit stupid
注意:当短语或从句之间按意进行停顿时,意与意之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。
Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)
三国72名将排名There~is~a good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读)
Can you speak~English or French? (English与or之间不可以连读)
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与 at,eight与or之间不可以连读)
She opened the door and walked~in. (door与and之间不可以连读)
三国72名将排名There~is~a good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读)
Can you speak~English or French? (English与or之间不可以连读)
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与 at,eight与or之间不可以连读)
She opened the door and walked~in. (door与and之间不可以连读)
1. T + Y = CH
What’s your name? [wəcher name]
Can’t you do it? [kænt chew do(w)it]
寒露短信Don’t you like it? [dont chew lye kit]
Wouldn’t you? [wooden chew]
Haven’t you? [hæven chew]
No, not yet. [nou, nä chet]
Can I get you a drink? [k'näi getchewə drink]
Congratulations! [kən,grætʃə'leʃənz]
2. D + Y = J
Did you see it? [didjə see(y)it]
How did you like it? [hæo•jə lye kit]
Could you tell? [küjə tell]
We followed your instructions. [we fallow jerin strəctionz]
3. S + Y = SH
Let him gas your car for you. [ledim gæshier cär fr you]
二、失音
由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象,摩擦音也会被失去,所以统称为失音。
失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/【注意: 爆破音并不是完全失去,仍然形成阻碍,把气流堵在里面,但不爆破,直接发出相邻的辅音】
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型
6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型
6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由
相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
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