专题36 短文填空
考点1 首字母填空
（一）（2022·广东广州·中考真题）
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。
Dunbuang is a historic city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an important c ___1___ of trade. As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world. Here, different cultures met and influenced each other. People from f ___2___ countries did business and communicated with the local people.
If you v ___3___ Dunhuang, you will be able to see the Mogao Caves（莫高窟）. If you walk i ___4___ , you will discover some of the wonderful artworks. There are over 45,000 square metres of beautiful paintings on the cave walls, as well as thousands of statues.
Over the years, China has made great efforts to protect the Mogao Caves. Today, you can also find high-quality photos of the artworks on the Internet. People all over the world now have a c ___5___ to see Dunhuang’s treasures online.
【答案】1. (c)entre##(c)enter
2. (f)oreign
3. (v)isit 4. (i)nside
5. (c)hance
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述敦煌在古代是贸易中心，讲述在敦煌可以看到莫高窟和很多艺术作品，讲述现在人们可以在网上看到敦煌的财宝。
【1题详解】
句意：在古代，敦煌是一个重要的贸易中心。根据“an”可知用单数名词作表语。根据“As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world”及首字母提示，可知，句子讲述敦煌古代是贸易中心，用名词“center”或“centre”。故填(c)entre/(c)enter。
【2题详解】
句意：外国的人和当地的人经商和交流。名词“countries”前用形容词修饰，根据“different cultures”及首字母提示，可知句子表达外国的人，用形容词“foreign”。故填(f)oreign。
【3题详解】
句意：如果你参观敦煌，你能看到莫高窟。这是“if”引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来。根据“you will be able to see the Mogao Caves”及首字母提示，可知句子表达参观敦煌，主语是“you”，动词用“visit”。故填(v)isit。
【4题详解】
句意：如果你走进去，你会发现一些完美的艺术作品。动词“walk”用副词修饰，根据“discover some of the wonderful artworks”及首字母提示，可知句子表达走进去，用“walk inside”。故填(i)nside。
【5题详解】
恢复回收站删除文件软件句意：全世界的人现在有机会在网上看到敦煌的财宝。动词“have”后缺宾语，根据“a”周公解梦梦见埋死人可知是单数名词。根据“to see Dunhuang’s treasures online” 及首字母提示，可知句子表达有机会，用关于桥的故事“have a chance to do”七夕朋友圈文案简短。故填(c)hance。
（二）（2022·装宽带工作湖北武汉·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y____6____ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l____7____ for new things in the ocean.
Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a____8____.
Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t____9____. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i____10____ easily.
Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w____11____ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n____12____ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p____13____ this from happening.
Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k____14____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k____15____ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these pl
aces.” Mr. Green says.
【答案】6. (y)oung
7. (l)ook 8. (a)live
9. (t)own 10. (i)njured
11. (w)ay 12. (n)umbers
13. (p)revent
14. (k)ept 15. (k)now
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了海洋生态学家格林先生意识到珊瑚礁所面临的问题以及它们的重要性，呼吁人们要先了解它们并保护它们。
【6题详解】
句意：当他年轻的时候，他喜欢游泳。was后接形容词作表语，根据“When he grew up”及首字母可知，年轻的时候喜欢游泳，young“年轻的”符合，故填(y)oung。
【7题详解】
句意：当他长大后，他想在海洋中寻新的东西。根据“he wanted to … for new things in the ocean”及首字母可知，此处指在海洋中寻新东西，look for“寻”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(l)ook。
【8题详解】
句意：他研究水下的动物和植物是如何相互联系、相互需要以维持生存的。根据“underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay”及首字母可知，水下的动植物相互维持生存，alive“活着的”，形容词作表语，故填(a)live。
【9题详解】
句意：珊瑚礁就像一个巨大的水下小镇。根据“A coral reef is like a big underwater”及首字母可知，把珊瑚礁比喻成一个巨大的小镇，town“城镇”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填(t)own。
【10题详解】
句意：因此，美丽的珊瑚礁很容易受伤。根据“They compete for food and space there”可知，因为食物和生存的空间相互竞争，导致珊瑚礁受伤，get injured“受伤”，故填(i)njured。
怎样做网络推广【11题详解】
句意：有时人们污染水或过度捕捞，所以所有生物的连接方式已经改变。根据“the …that all the living things are joined together has been changed”及首字母可知，连接方式改变了，way“方式”。根据has可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(w)ay。
【12题详解】
句意：有些动物的数量下降了，有些动物就消失了。根据“Some animals’ … drop low, some animals just disappear”可知，有些数量少了，有些消失了，number“数量”，句子是一般现在时，drop是动词原形，故此空应填名词复数形式，故填(n)umbers。
【13题详解】
句意：格林先生想阻止这种事情发生。根据“Mr. Green wants to … this from happening”及首字母可知，想阻止这一切发生，prevent…from doing sth“阻止某事发生”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(p)revent。
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