第五讲 定语从句
1．(2016·江苏高考，23)Many young people，most ________ were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A．of which B．of them
C．of whom D．of those
C [考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人都前往偏远地区追逐梦想，他们中大多数人(most of whom)受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，主句(Many young people )结构完整。此处考查“代词＋of＋whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰many young people，故选C项。]
2．(2015·江苏高考，21)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A．it B．which
C．what D．as
D [本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：正如所报道的，烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。as作为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，位置非常灵活，可位于主句前、主句后，也可位于主句中间。which引导非限制性定语从句时位于主句之后。]
3．(2014·江苏高考，22)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A．which B．when
C．as D．where
D [本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。本题采用还原法解题，将
先行词work还原到定语从句中，即：a good impression is a must at work，显然关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。]
4．(2016·北京高考，22)I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A．whose B．why
C．where D．which
A [考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子(whose children)经常吵吵闹闹。whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作children的定语。] 5．(2016·天津高考，9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better.
A．that B．where
C．which D．when
D [考查定语从句。句意：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。]
【导学号：57732008】6．(2015·天津高考，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
A．where B．which
C．when D．who
A [本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：这家公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，员工可以在这种氛围中享受他们的工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为抽象地点名词atmosphere，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。which/who在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when作时间状语。]
7．(2015·四川高考，3)The books on the desk，________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
A．which B．what
C．whose D．that
C [本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：桌子上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。该句的主句是“are prizes for us.”。此处whose 引导的定语从句修饰限定先行词books；“封面(covers)”是那些书的，因此要用whose表示所有关系；此处的whose covers等于the covers of which。] 8．(2015·湖南高考，29)It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A．as B．where
C．that D．which
2016江苏高考时间
D [本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which 或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。注意不要因先行词是地点名词而误选where，应准确判断定语从句中缺少什么成分。]
一、关系词的用法
引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。
关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分
who指人的词主语、宾语
whom指人的词宾语
whose指人或物的词定语
that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语
which指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语
as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语
when表示时间的名词时间状语
where表示地点的名词地点状语
why表示原因的名词reason原因状语
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题：1．介词的确定
该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。
①Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？(根据shake 确定)
②He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(根据先行词的需要确定，即through the telescope)
2．关系代词的使用
介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不用that。指物时用which，指人时用whom，作定语时用whose。
The factory in which he once worked is torn down.
The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher.
Last month，part of the province was struck by floods，from whose effects the people are still suffering.
3．“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”结构
“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。
China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.
4．“名词＋of which”结构
“名词＋of which”常代替“whose＋名词”在定语从句中作定语。
I saw some trees，the leaves of which(＝whose leaves) were black with disease.
He mentioned a book，the title of which(＝whose title) I've forgotten.
三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，
但二者的用法也有区别。
1．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以
在主句中间。
I failed again in the match，which was a great pity.
As we had expected，he opposed the plan.
2．which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解
释等，意为“正如”。
He sold his bicycle，which surprised me.
As we know，smoking is harmful to our health.
＝Smoking is harmful to our health，as we know.
注意：有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有the same，as，such，so等词修饰。
3．which引导的此类定语从句与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。
Jim is addicted to computer games，which upsets his parents very much.
1．(2016·南京调研)Have you heard of such an experiment ________ wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an exceptional one with the labels change?
A．as B．where
C．that D．which
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