2020英语中考复习专题-----主谓一致讲解
一、主谓一致的含义
“主谓一致”指的是句子的主语谓语在“人称”和“数”上的一致关系，也就是说，谓语的单复数取决于主语的形式和内容。
二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
（一）、语法一致：
主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。
e.g. I often help him and he often helps me.
不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：
（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例：
① The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
② Law and order has been established.
③ One more knife and fork is needed.
④Bread and butter is our daily food.
（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.
② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.
② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.
② Eight hours of sleep is enough.
③ Ten dollars is enough for him.
4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?
② Someone wants to see you.
③Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished.
5.倒装句中的语法一致
①Two pictures ______ on the wall, which attract many people.
②On the wall _____ two pictures, which attract many people.
③Their teacher ______ among the students, who is in her thirties.
④Among the students _____ their teacher, who is in her thirties.
（二）就近原则
1、由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：2016年中考时间
①. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
②. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
③. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
2、注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：
①. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
②. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
③. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
3、名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：
①. All but one were here just now.
②. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
③. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
（三）意义一致
1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：
（1）All hope has gone.
（2）All are agreed on this point.
（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.
（4）None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名词group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等名词等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 例句
The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.
His family _______very large. His family _______music lovers.
注意：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people 民族（可数名词，peoples)
3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.
（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.
4、代词作主语
Neither dog _____ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of them _____ big. ( A. is B. are )
Neither rabbit _____ handsome. ( A. is B. are )
Neither of the rabbits _____ handsome.. ( A. is B. are )
（neither + 单数名词 → 谓语动词用单数； none／neither of +可数名词 谓语动词用单数或复数；
none of+不可数名词 →谓语动词用单数）
1）.None of these people ___ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was
2）Neither of them ___ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to be
3）.Neither of us ________ (was/were) ready when the party began.
4）. None of them ________ (has/have) watched the talk show.
5、主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft飞行器, ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .
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