2014届高三英语语法讲解——情态动词
2014届高三英语语法讲解——情态动词
第一篇:2014届高三英语语法讲解——情态动词
情态动词
概述:情态动词表示说话人的情感态度。它有一定的实在词义(如:能、会、可能、以前、最好、宁愿),只有谓语特性,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
例如:+be done
+be doing
must+have done
+have been done
+have been doing
注意:和used(to)例外,动词不定式要带上”to”
一、情态动词的用法:
1.can
1)表示能力“能够,会”
She can drive, but she can’t ride a bicycle.Can you give me a lift to the station?
2)表示对现在动作或状态进行主观的猜测“可能、会”,或表示惊异,怀疑,不相信等态度,主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如:
He can’t have a lot of money.Can it be that it was I, not he, who was mistaken?
How can you be so careless!
3)表示客观可能性“可能”,可用于肯定句
As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.The temperature can fall to-60°C that is 60°C below freezing.4)表示允许“可以”,意思与may 相近,主要用在口语中
Can I have a look at your copy of China Daily?
This sort of thing can’t go on.5)构成下列特殊句式:
①cannot /can never …too … 或 cannot …enough越…越好;非常......
One cannot be too careful.I cannot thank you enough.You can’t praise him too highly.②cannot help doing …/cannot help but do …/cannot but do …禁不住;不由得;不得不 I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.When a close friend dies, you cannot but feel uld
1)表示能力,指的是过去时间
In those days few workers could support their family.I couldn’t follow the teacher in class.2)表示允许,指的是过去时间
She asked whether she could take the books out of the reading-room.3)表示可能,可以指过去时间;也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和
I didn't think the story could be true.But you mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the bush either.You could start a fire.He looks young.He couldn’t be over fifty.他看起来很年轻,他不可能超过五十岁.4)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间
Could I see your license?
I have a few friends.I could ring to see if they’re free.Can(could)与be able to
Can(could)和be able to表示能力时意思上没有区别.但can 只有现在式和过去式,而be able to 则有更多的形式.No one is able to do it.= No one can do it.Will you be able to come tonight?
I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter.She said she had not been able to come earlier.但是,在表示成功地完成某一具体动作时用be able to 来表示。这时,be able to相当于managed
to 或succeeded in doing ,表示经过一番努力,终于能够……。例如:
1)Were able to escape
people2)Managed to escapeinto the street.3)succeed in escaping
3.May
1)表示许诺“可以”或询问、说明一件事。
注意:回答may 引起的问句时,否定形式用must not(禁止),had better not(最好别)。
May I trouble you with a question?
—Could I call you by your first name ?
—Yes, you may./No, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not.2).表示表示主观的推测“或许”,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。例如:
He may be very busy now.He may not be at home.注意:表示可能性时,can’t 语气强表示“不可能”;may not 语气弱,表示“可能不(或许)”。
4.might
1)表示可以做的事,指的是过去时间
He asked if he might look through my album.2)表示口气比较婉转客气,指的是现在时间
Might I ask for a photograph of your baby?
I wonder if I might borrow some coffee.3)表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间;也可以指现在时间,但表示语气更加不肯定
She was afraid they might not like the idea.They might have a lot of work to do now but I’m not sure.5.must
1)表示必须要做的事,否定表示“禁止”
We mustn’t move someone if they are badly hurt.如果一个人受了重伤,你一定不要挪动他。注意:在回答由must 引起的问句时,如果是否定回答,不能用mustn’t ,而要用needn’t 或don’t have to ,因为mustn’t 是“不准、禁止”的意思。
--Must we send in our plan this week?--Yes ,you must.。
--No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.2)表示猜测,意为“想必,准是,一定”,只用于肯定句中
This must be your room.Look at his new car.He must have a lot of money.3)表示讨厌情绪“偏偏”
I am sleeping when you must turn your radio on.注意:have to 表示“必须”,“不得不”,在这个意义上与must 很接近,但must 表示的是说话人的主观看法,而 have to表示的却是客观需要。另外,have to比must 有更多的形式。You must be back by ten.(命令或叮嘱)
You have to be back by ten.(客观需要)
We had to go home on foot.我们不得不走回家。
6.should和ought to “应该”
1)表示应该做的事,should 和 ought to 一般可以通用。但ought to 语气更强些,强调“有责任,有义务做”或“按道理应该如何”;should 含有“劝告、建议”的语气,即“按我的想法应该如何”。试比较
--I’ll start the work tomorrow.我明天开始这工作。
--Ithink you should start at once./ No, you ought to start at once.不行,你得立即开始。
2)表示推测,意为“想必一定,照说应该,估计”。should 和 ought to 在这一意义上含义比must 弱。试比较
Mr.Black must be home by now.(肯定)
Mr.Black ought to(should)be home by now.(不能肯定)
7.shall
1)用于第一、三人称,构成疑问句,表示征求对方意见或请求指示
Shall I open the window?
Shall the boy wait outside?
2)用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,表示“命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺、决心” Y
ou shall do as I say.(命令)
Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.(允诺)
If you children don’t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party.(威胁)
You shall be sorry for what you did.对你的所作所为你会感到后悔的。(警告)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.什么也不能阻止我们实现这项计划。(决心)
8.will
1)表示“意志,意愿”,可用于多种人称 I will do anything for our soldiers.If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书,我会把它借给你。
注意:从句中的will 是情态动词,表示“意愿”;主句中的will 是助动词,帮助构成将来时。
2)will 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求can的过去式
Will you open the door for me, please?
Pass me the glass, will you?递给我杯子,好吗?
有时,这种句子也可以是won’t you have a little more rice ?
3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“总是会,老是,就是”;否定结构意为“不肯、不能”。这种用法并不指将来时间,因此,不能与表示将来时间的状语连用

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