警惕犯下GRE写作“七宗罪”
警惕犯下GRE写作“七宗罪”
    警惕犯下GRE写作“七宗罪”
    第一宗罪　无因果联系
    The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.
    第二宗罪　样本不足
    The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can
be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.
    第三宗罪　错误类比
    The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B
    第四宗罪　时地全等
    The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to
    第五宗罪　二者择一
    The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.
    第六宗罪　可疑调查
    The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the results. For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the would be highly suspect. Because the argument offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,) Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.
    第七宗罪　结论无据
    The author falsely depends on gratuitous However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility
    GRE issue写作优秀实例：挽救濒危物种
    题目：
    At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.
    在过去不同的地质时期，许多的物种因为自然作用而非人类行为而灭绝。因此，人类社会为了挽救濒危物种而付出的巨大努力，尤其是以大量的资金和工作机会为代价，这样做
是毫无道理的。
    正文：
    As the problem of ecological becoming more serious, there is much controversy over the issue of whether society should make extraordinary efforts to save endangered species. Somebody claims that we do not have to spend a great cost in money and jobs to do that result from that at various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct because of natural. However, I do not agree this argument.
>七宗罪是哪七宗

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