英语副词在句中的位置
谈英语的副词在句中的位置
在中学英语教学中,要提高学生的英语水平,必须要从英语词语的掌握和理解开始,特别是英语词语的位置和运用是英语学习的根底。
英语的副词在英语句子中的运用比其他词语的运用广泛并具有一定的特殊性,它不可随意放置,应遵循一定的规律。下面笔者就谈谈英语的副词在句中的位置。
一、疑问副词
疑问副词是疑问句中用来提问的副词,如when, where, why,what, how等。疑问副词可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、方式等,放在句子的开头。例如:
where did her brother get the information?
why don’t you help your friends with their lessons? how do you like this book?
when will you have a meeting?
二、关系副词和连接副词
关系副词和连接副词放在所连接的从句开头。例如:
i finished my homework, then i went out for a walk. he must be quick, otherwise he will be late.
i should like to know when the new term will begin. that is the place where he was born.
三、一般副词
1. 一般副词的位置
在许多情况下,副词都放在所修饰的动词后面或句末。如: The girl dances very well. 这个女孩跳舞跳得好。 We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。 He does his work very carefully. 他做工作非常仔细。
I want to see the film very much. 我很想看这部电影。
有时也放在主语后面,谓语动词前面(对动作加以强调)。如:
He angrily closed the door. 他生气地把门关上了。
置于句中的副词,假设碰上助动词,那么通常放在助动词之后、主要动词之前:He has just left for work. 他刚刚离开去上班。We have already read the book. 我们都已读过这本书。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词表示动作发生的次数,常见的有ever, never, seldom, sometimes, often, always 等,它们通常位于实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后。如:
He never reads such books. 他从不看那样的书。
He often es to school late. / He is often late for school. 他上学常迟到。
有时为了强调,频度副词也可位于动词 be、助动词等之前:
She always was late. 她老是迟到。
为了强调等原因,有时频度副词可位于句首或句末(尤其受 very, only修饰时):Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 经常在我洗澡时响起。
Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗? 频度副词 always 和 never 通常不位于句首,除非是祈使句: Always
remember this. 请时刻记住这一点。 Never tell him the news. 千万不要告诉他这消息。
在否认句中,有的频度副词可位于否认词not之后或之前(如usually, often),有的频度副词那么必须位于否认词之后(如always),而有的频度副词必须要位于否认词 not 之前(如sometimes):
He doesn’t usually e here. / He usually doesn’t e here. 他通常不来这儿。She doesn’t always e late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说always doesn’t)
He is sometimes not satisfied with my work. 他有时对我的工作不满意。
3. 副词位置对句意的影响
有时副词位置的不同会导致句子意义的改变。如:
Tom alone is ing. 只有汤姆要来。(alone 位于被修饰的名词或代词后,意为“只有”)Tom is ing alone. 汤姆将一个人来。(alone 在此修饰动词e,意为“单独”)Only I kissed her last night. 昨晚只有我吻了她(即别人没吻她)。
I only kissed her last night. 昨晚我只是吻了她(即没干别的事)。
I kissed only her last night. 昨晚我吻的只有她(即没吻过别人)。
I kissed her only last night [last night only]. 我只是在昨晚才吻了她(即其他时候未吻过)。They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the question foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的答复。
He foolishly answered the question. 他愚蠢地答复了这个问题。
Clearly he didn’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(clearly 修饰句子,意为“显然”)
He didn’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(clearly 修饰动词 say,意为“清楚”)
副词在句中的位置规律
B.副词:就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。如:
It’s raining heavily. 雨下得很大。(副词heavily修饰谓语动词)
It’s a rather interesting job. 这是一份相当有趣的工作。(副词rather修饰形容词interesting) She speaks
English very well. 她的英语说得很好。(副词very修饰副词well)
This is just what he said. 这正是他所说的。(副词just修饰what he said)
注:here, there, in, out, away, abroad等少数副词也可以作表语;here, there, home, abroad, below等表示地点或方位的词及today, tomorrow, yesterday, back, out等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语。如:副词的位置
Tom isn’t here. 汤姆不在这里。(here作表语)(from )
The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人对我们很友好。(副词there作定语,修饰people)
1) 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前面,但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如:
1. —Mum, I think I’m to get back to school.
—Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two. (全国卷)
A. so well
B. so good
C. well enough
D. good enough
【分析】选C。指“身体好”用形容词well (=healthy)而不用good;副词enough修饰形容词时,要位于形容词之后。
2. If I had , I’d visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (全国卷)
A. a long enough holiday
B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long
D. a long holiday enough
【分析】答案选A。enough要放在形容词long之后。
3. , some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (上海卷)
A. Strangely enough
B. Enough strangely
C. Strange enough
D. Enough strange
【分析】答案选A。修饰整个,要用副词,排除C和D;副词enough应放在它所修饰的副词strangely的后面,所以选A。(from )
2) 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前,或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。如:
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