副词 一、副词的基本特征:用来表示行为或状态特征;大多结构为形容词后+ly;它亦有比较级和最高级。 1、副词是表示行为状态特征的词,在句子中属于修饰性词类。 2、大多副词是形容词后+LY构成的。 quickly ; slowly; bravely 3、以Y结尾的形容词把‘y’变‘i’在加‘ly’。 happy--happily angry--angrily 4、有些副词没有特殊的字尾。 now; often; here; quite; never; very 5、有些副词于形容词相同. late early high long 6、只有可以分成比较等级的副词才可以有比较级和最高级形式,例如:fast, easily, early等。像only,realy,there,here则不可能有比较等级,因为它们是不可分级的。 二、 副词的种类: 1、时间副词:today, yesterday, before, now, then等。 I have never been to that farm before. What day was it yesterday? 2、地点副词:here, there, inside, outside, downstairs,everywhere等。 It very cold outside .You'd better put on your coat. 3、方式副词:carefully, slowly, suddenly, well, hard, high等。 How hard they are working! 4、程度副词:much, very, enough, a little, a bit , so , too, rather , quite, nearly, half, hardly, almost等。 Her English is very good. Angela sings quite well. 5、频率副词:usually, sometimes,never, always,often等。 I have never been to Tokoy. 1—5种副词一般是用来修饰动词、形容词或其它副词,说明动词的时间、地点、方式、程度或频率等,又或以把它们统称为修饰性副词。 6、疑问副词(用来引导一个特殊疑问句。):how , when , where , why. How are you getting along with your coworkers? 7、连接副词(用来引导一个名词从句):how,where , when, why, whether. We haven't decided when we shall leave. 三、副词的作用: 副词主要可以用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词,有时修饰整个句子。有些副词在句子中还可以做形容词、关系代词或宾主补足语。 I konw him quite well.(作副词) He is out at the moment .(形容词) Look at the trees there .(关系代词) I saw her out with her parents.(宾语补语) 四、副词的位置: 1、副词修饰动词放在动词之后,若是及物动词则放在宾语之后。 句型:主语+动词+宾语+副词 Jim does homework carefully. 2、频率副词通常放在动词之前,但如果句子里有情态动词、助动词或be动词,则放在这类动词之后。 They always get up early. Jim is often late for shool. beV. + 频率副词;频率副词 + 一般V. "not, yet, already, once, almost, soon, really, just, suddenly,still等也可以放在这个位置。 I have alerady finished my homework. 3、副词修饰形容词和其它副词时放在被修饰之前。 You must study much harder now. 副词的位置 This problem is too difficult. 副词enough通常放在被修饰的词之后。 My sister isn't old enough to go to school. 4、一个句子中如果同时出现有表示时间、地点的副词,先地点后时间。 I was born in Heilongjiang in 1986. 5、为了强调动作发生的时间,以下副词可置于句首:once, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, now ,usually etc. Yesterday we all went to the park. Usually we get along very wekk with each other . 6、有少数的副词如only , even等在句中位置非常灵活,常放在与它关系密切的词前。 He can only read. He can't write. Only I have been there. They haven't been there. Even he can't answer the question. 五、副词比较等级的构成: 1、规则变化: 单音节副词→比较级—词尾+ er ,最高级—词尾+ est;双音节或多音节副词→比较级—词前+more;最高级—词前+most。 hard→harder→hardest fast→faster→fastest quickly→more quickly→most quickly carefully→more carefully→most carefully 2、不规则变化 原形 比较级 最高级 well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther farthest(表示距离) further furthest(表示抽象概念) 六、副词比较等级的用法: 1、原级的用法: 程度相同两者之间的比较 肯定句:as+副词原级+as 否定句:not as(so)+副词原级+as She can do as well as a boy. I do my homework as carefully as you . He doesn't run so fast as you. 2、比较级的用法: 两都不同程度的比较 ⑴副词+比较级+than We will work harder than before. I jump higher than the other . ⑵比较级的其它常用句型: 比较级+and+比较级 “ 越来越……” The+比较级,the+比较级 “越……,越……” THe world's population is growing faster and faster. The more you study ,the more you konw . ⑶比较级的修饰语 : 前可用much, a little , a bit, still, even等来修饰。 May I keep the book a little longer. He sings much better than I. 3、最高级的用法: ⑴三者或三者以上的比较,用副词最高级,前可+the,也可不加the Who studies (the) hardest in your classa? My mother get up (the) earlirst on Sunday. ㈡说明比较范围: 副词最高级+of all(或用in引导的短语) Mike draws best of all. Of all the girls she runs fastest. |
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