副词的用法[1]
 
副词
一、副词的基本特征:用来表示行为或状态特征;大多结构为形容词后+ly;它亦有比较级和最高级。
1、副词是表示行为状态特征的词,在句子中属于修饰性词类。
2、大多副词是形容词后+LY构成的。
     quickly ;                             slowly;                       bravely
3、以Y结尾的形容词把‘y’‘i’在加‘ly’
      happy--happily                   angry--angrily
4、有些副词没有特殊的字尾。
      now;  often;  here; quite;  never;  very
5、有些副词于形容词相同.
      late     early    high      long   
6、只有可以分成比较等级的副词才可以有比较级和最高级形式,例如:fast, easily, early等。像only,realy,therehere则不可能有比较等级,因为它们是不可分级的。
二、 副词的种类:
1、时间副词:today, yesterday, before, now, then等。
      I have never been to that farm before.
      What day was it yesterday?
2、地点副词:here, there, inside, outside, downstairs,everywhere等。
      It very cold outside .You'd better put on your coat.
3、方式副词:carefully, slowly, suddenly, well, hard, high等。
     How hard they are working!
4、程度副词:much, very, enough, a little, a bit , so , too, rather , quite, nearly, half, hardly, almost等。
      Her English is very good.
      Angela sings quite well.
5、频率副词:usually, sometimes,never, always,often等。
     I have never been to Tokoy.
1—5种副词一般是用来修饰动词、形容词或其它副词,说明动词的时间、地点、方式、程度或频率等,又或以把它们统称为修饰性副词。
6、疑问副词(用来引导一个特殊疑问句。):how , when , where ,  why.
     How are you getting along with your coworkers?
7、连接副词(用来引导一个名词从句):how,where , when, why, whether.
    We haven't decided when we shall leave.
三、副词的作用:
         副词主要可以用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词,有时修饰整个句子。有些副词在句子中还可以做形容词、关系代词或宾主补足语。
    I konw him quite well.(作副词)
    He is out at the moment .(形容词)
    Look at the trees there .(关系代词)
    I saw her out with her parents.(宾语补语)
四、副词的位置:
1、副词修饰动词放在动词之后,若是及物动词则放在宾语之后。
                                  句型:主语+动词+宾语+副词
         Jim does homework carefully.
2、频率副词通常放在动词之前,但如果句子里有情态动词、助动词或be动词,则放在这类动词之后。
      They always get up early.
      Jim is often late for shool.
                     beV. + 频率副词;频率副词 + 一般V.
"not, yet, already, once, almost, soon, really, just, suddenly,still等也可以放在这个位置。
      I have alerady finished my homework.
3、副词修饰形容词和其它副词时放在被修饰之前。
      You must study much harder now.
副词的位置      This problem is too difficult.
副词enough通常放在被修饰的词之后。
      My sister isn't old enough to go to school.
4、一个句子中如果同时出现有表示时间、地点的副词,先地点后时间。
      I was born in  Heilongjiang in 1986.
5、为了强调动作发生的时间,以下副词可置于句首:once, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, now ,usually etc.
      Yesterday we all went to the park.
      Usually we get along very wekk with each other .
6、有少数的副词如only , even等在句中位置非常灵活,常放在与它关系密切的词前。
      He can only read. He can't write.
      Only I have been there. They haven't been there.
       Even he can't answer the question.
五、副词比较等级的构成:
1、规则变化:
单音节副词比较级词尾+ er ,最高级词尾+ est;双音节或多音节副词比较级词前+more;最高级词前+most
      hard→harder→hardest         fast→faster→fastest
      quickly→more quickly→most quickly         carefully→more carefully→most carefully   
2、不规则变化
     原形                             比较级                           最高级
      well                              better                              best
      badly                            worse                              worst
      much                             more                                most
      little                              less                                  least
      far                                farther                              farthest(表示距离)
                                            further                             furthest(表示抽象概念)
六、副词比较等级的用法:
1、原级的用法:
                                                程度相同两者之间的比较
      肯定句:as+副词原级+as
      否定句:not asso+副词原级+as
      She can do as well as a boy.
      I do my homework as carefully as you .
      He doesn't run so fast as you.
2、比较级的用法:
                                       两都不同程度的比较
     副词+比较级+than
     We will work harder than before.
     I jump higher than the other .
 比较级的其它常用句型:
     比较级+and+比较级                “ 越来越……”
     The+比较级,the+比较级        “……,越……”
      THe world's population is growing faster and faster.
      The more you study ,the more you konw .
    比较级的修饰语
      前可用much, a little , a bit, still, even等来修饰。
      May I keep the book a little longer.
      He sings much better than I.
3、最高级的用法:
    三者或三者以上的比较,用副词最高级,前可+the,也可不加the
  Who studies (the) hardest in your classa?
        My mother get up (the) earlirst on Sunday.
 ㈡说明比较范围:
  副词最高级+of all(或用in引导的短语)
      Mike draws best of all.
      Of all the girls she runs fastest.

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