形容词和副词(2-副词)
●副词的构词：
1) 大部分形容词 + ly = 副词
e.g. deep --> deeply ; loud --> loudly
2) 以y结尾的形容词，改y为i，+ ly = 副词
e.g. happy --> happily ; easy --> easily
3) 以le结尾的形容词，去e，+ y = 副词
e.g. possible --> possibly ; reliable --> reliably
e.g. possible --> possibly ; reliable --> reliably
4) 不规则变化
e.g. good --> well ; bad --> worse
5) 有些副词和形容词同形
初中考纲中有七个形容词和副词形式相同: ahead; early; fast; hard; high; late; straight
The road ahead was blocked.
I’ll run ahead.
The early part of her life was spent in Paris.
I get up early everyday.
He is a fast learner.
The water was rising fast.
Diamonds are hard.
You must try hard.
I looked down from the high window.
We should aim high and do our best to achieve our goal.
She is late for work everyday.
I got up late.
He was too tired to walk straight.
You look better with straight hair.
中考英语“用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子”
Online libraries are ________ used for learning in the information age. (wide)
●副词的用法
副词在句中用作状语。
e.g.
It's raining hard.
Don’t drive too fast.
This is a fairly useful tool.
Luckily, he still got first prize.
中考英语选择题
Alex believes he will soon be able to play chess as ________ as the computer.
A) well B) better C) best D) the best
●副词的位置
1) 方式状态的副词 (Adverbs of Manner)
这一类副词是修饰动词专用的，典型拼法是形容词加上-ly。
放置原则：1. 尽量和动词靠近，通常放动词后面
2.如果句中有宾语、补语等成分时，这类副词要后挪
3.后挪后副词与动词间隔太远，那么将副词置于动词前
e.g.
The child giggled happily under the caress of its mother.
S V (adv.)
He kept quiet resolutely.
S V C (adv.)
He kissed the girl tenderly.
S V O (adv.)
He passionately kissed the girl living next door.
S (adv.) V O
He showed us the document reluctantly.
S V O O (adv.)
I willingly offer you my help.
S (adv.) V O O
They elected him chairman unanimously.
S V O C (adv.)
I happily pronounce you man and wife.
S (adv.) V O C
2) 强调语气的副词 (intensifiers)
副词的位置这一类副词有一个特：它在使用上很有弹性，四种主要词类，包括名词、
动词、形容词与副词都可以用它来修饰。认识这一点，才算真正弄清楚形容词与
副词间的分工。
这一类的副词又可以细分为以下三种：
1> 强调范围的副词 (focusing adverbs)
这一类的副词不多，典型的有: only, merely, also, especially, particularly, even等
功能: 清楚界定出所谈事物的范围，好比照相机对焦(focusing)的动作一般
位置: 必须和所修饰的词放在一起
以only为例：I heard about the accident yesterday.
Only I heard about the accident yesterday. (No one else did.)
I only heard about the accident yesterday. (I didn't see it.)
I heard about only the accident yesterday. (I didn't hear anything else.)
I heard about the accident only yesterday. (I didn't hear about it earlier.)
2> 加强语气的副词 (intensifiers)
位置: 通常放在修饰对象的前面
e.g.
He is very much his father’s son. 他和他老爸一个调调。
(adv.) (n.)
You’re utterly insane! 你是完完全全疯了。
(adv.) (a.)
I badly need a drink. 我亟需喝一杯。
(adv.) (v.)
3> 程度副词 (adverbs of degree)
这一类副词和加强语气的副词很像，但是程度副词是用来做“有几成”的表示，而非加强语气。所以，如果把加强语气的副词去掉，只是语气变弱，意思不会变；但是如果拿掉程度副词，意思则可能会发生改变。
位置: 通常放在修饰对象的前面
e.g.
The project is almost finished. 计划已经差不多完成了。
The project is finished. 计划已经完成。
You can buy practically anything at a mall. 在购物中心几乎什么都买得到。
(adv.) (n.)
I can hardly hear you. 我快听不到你在说什么了。
(aux.) (adv.) (v.)
The promotion was moderately successful. 促销活动还算成功。
(adv.) (a.)
I know your father rather well. 我跟你父亲还算蛮熟的。
(adv.) (adv.)
3) 修饰句子的副词 (Sentence Modifiers)
这又可以分成两类：连接副词和分离副词。
这两类副词的位置，通常是放在句首，可是也可以挪到主语、动词中间，甚至放到句尾位置。
不论放在何种位置， 都需要有逗号把它和句子隔开来。
1> 连接副词 (Conjuncts)
这一类的副词很像连接词(Conjunctions)，它可以连接两句话间的逻辑关系，可是缺乏连接
词的语法功能，所以要用标点来帮忙。
e.g.
He is a child. However, he is very self-disciplined.
The task is difficult. Besides, there’s not much time.
2> 分离副词 (Disjuncts)
把它归于修饰句子的副词类是方便的分法。
严格说起来，它应该是属于修饰另一句话的方法、状态副词。
e.g.
Scientifically, the experiment was a success. 从科学的角度来说，这个实验成功了。(adv.)
If we are speaking scientifically, the experiment was a success.
(adv.)
You're not answering my questions honestly. 你并没有老实回答我。
Honestly, what are you going to do about it? 老实说，你打算如何处置呢？
中考英语选择题
The Russian President paid his first visit to Shaolin Temple last March. He had ________ been there before.
A) never B) often C) usually D) always
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