形容词
一 .定义:
用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。
二. 形容词的作用,见下表:
作 用 | 例 句 |
定 语 | You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. |
表 语 | Your coat is too small. |
宾语补足语 | The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy. |
注意:
有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如:
Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
The old man is alone.
形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。
例如:
You'd better tell us something interesting.
The police found nothing strange in the room.
多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是: 副词的位置1)冠词或人称代词 2)数词 3)性质 4)大小 5)形状 6)表示老少,新旧 7)颜 8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。
例如:
His grandpa still lives in this small short house.
他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.
那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。
例如:
The young should take good care of the old.
年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
The rich never help the poor in this country.
在这个国家,富人从来不帮助穷人。
形容词短语做定语时要后置。
如:
They are the students easy to teach.
他们是很容易较的学生。
We live in a house much larger than yours.
我们住的房子比你们的大得多。
else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。
如:
Did you see anybody else?
你看到别的人了吗?
三.以-ly结尾的形容词
1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错) She sang lovely.
(错) He spoke to me very friendly.
(对) Her singing was lovely.
(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。
The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错) She sang lovely.
(错) He spoke to me very friendly.
(对) Her singing was lovely.
(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。
The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
副词
一.定义:
副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。
二. 副词的位置 :
1) 在实义动词之前。
2) 在be动词、助动词之后。
3) 多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意:
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如:
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。
b. 方式副词well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如:
He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。
1) 在实义动词之前。
2) 在be动词、助动词之后。
3) 多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意:
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如:
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。
b. 方式副词well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如:
He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。
三. 副词的排列顺序:
1) 时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
2) 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。例如:
Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些,仔细一些
3) 多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
改错:(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
例如:
I don\'t know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。
There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。
I don\'t know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。
There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。
四. 兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是\"近\";closely 意思是\"仔细地\"。例如:
He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。
Watch him closely. 盯着他。
2) late 与lately
late意思是\"晚\";lately 意思是\"最近\"。例如:
You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。
What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗?
3) deep与deeply
deep意思是\"深\",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,\"深深地\"。例如:
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。
Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。
4) high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much。例如:
The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。
close意思是\"近\";closely 意思是\"仔细地\"。例如:
He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。
Watch him closely. 盯着他。
2) late 与lately
late意思是\"晚\";lately 意思是\"最近\"。例如:
You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。
What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗?
3) deep与deeply
deep意思是\"深\",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,\"深深地\"。例如:
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。
Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。
4) high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much。例如:
The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。
I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。
5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是\"广泛地\",\"在许多地方\"。例如:
He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。
6) free与freely
free的意思是\"免费\";freely 的意思是\"无限制地\"。例如:
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候,我这饭铺免费对你开放。
5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是\"广泛地\",\"在许多地方\"。例如:
He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。
6) free与freely
free的意思是\"免费\";freely 的意思是\"无限制地\"。例如:
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候,我这饭铺免费对你开放。
五.各种类型副词的位置
英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同,它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法:
多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如:
We are living happily.
我们幸福的生活着。
He runs slowly.
他跑的很慢。
时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如:
They went to the park yesterday morning.
昨天上午他们去公园了。
I heard him sing English songs over there.
我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。
He drove the jeep carefully.
他小心地开着吉普。
注意:
有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首,起强调作用。如:
Yesterday I got up late.
昨天我起床很晚。
频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后,实义动词之前
如:He is seldom ill.
他很少生病。
You must always remember this.
你一定要记住这一点。
I often write to my parents.
我经常写信给父母。
Do you usually go to school on foot.
你经常走路去上学?
He has never been to Beijing.
他从来没有去过北京。
注意:
有时为了加强语气,频度副词也可放在句首。如:
Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.
有时她乘公共汽车上学,有时骑自行车去。
程度副词修饰动词时,与频度副词相同,修饰形容词和副词时,放在它所修饰的词前面。如:
That's quite early.
那很早。
I nearly missed the bus.
我几乎错过了公交车。
She did rather badly.
她干得相当糟。
否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如:
She seldom goes out at night.
她晚上很少出门。
I am never late for school.
我上学从不迟到。
We had hardly got to the station when the train left.
火车离开时,我们差不多/几乎到了车站。
疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如:
When can you come?
你什么时候来?
How many days are there in a month?
一个月有多少天?
What are you going to do when you grow up?
长大以后,你打算干什么?
Where were you born?
你是在那里出生的?
Why didn't he come?
他为什么没有来?
同时存在时间状语和地点状语时,时间状语一般放在后面。如:
The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.
明天会议将在教室里举行。
He watched TV in his room last night.
他作晚在房间里看电视。
They arrived in Beijing at 8 o'clock last evening.
他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。
注:有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如:late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等
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