英语中介词的用法
介词的用法
一、介词的定义:
介词为虚词,是一种用来表示词与词或者词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语,构成介词短语(即介宾结构),才能充当句子成分。充当宾语的一般有名词、相当于名词的其它词、代词、形容词、短语或句子、短语或从句等,介词短语在句中常作定语、状语、表语和补足语。
二、介词的分类:
1.简单介词:about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, of, off, on, over, near, past, round, since, through, till, to, toward(s), under, until, up, with, per, via;
2.合成介词:inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without;
3.短语介词:according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, instead of, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, up to。
4.双重介词副词的位置:如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。
三、介词的宾语
1.名词:Let’s go for a walk along the river. 咱们到江边散散步。
2.代词:He’s standing in front of me. 我站在我前面。
3.形容词:Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。
【注意】有的形容词前可看作是省略了being
4.动名词:He’s good at drawing.他善长绘画。
5.过去分词:I took it for granted that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。
【注意】过去分词作介词宾语只限于take…for granted, regard…as, than expected后。
6.不定式:I had no choice but to lie down. 除了躺下外我别无选择。
She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。
【注意】介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语,只有表示……的介词but能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词do时,不定式不用 to,否则要带to
7.疑问词+不定式:I don’t know how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。
8.副词:I didn’t know it until recently. 直到最近我才知道此事。
9.数词:He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。
10.介词短语:She won’t go home until after the exam. 她要考完试之后再回家。
11.从句:Think of what I said. 想想我说的话。
I’m worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。
I have doubts about whether (不用if) he is the best man for the job.
我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.
他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
【注意】除except that, in that等后可接that从句外,介词通常只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句,也不接if引导的从句。
四、介词的作用:
1.作定语:The key to the door is missing. 门上的钥匙丢了。
【注意】介词短语作定语总是放在它所修饰的名词后面。
2.作状语:Marx stayed in Belgium for some time and then went to France.
马克思在比利时带了一段时间,然后去了法国。
3.作表语:Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。
I always find her at her studies. 我经常发现她在学习。
4.作宾语补足语:Make yourself at home. 别拘谨。
5.作介词宾语:I saw her from across the street. 我从街对面望见了她。
五、常见介词的基本含义:
一)about
1. 关于,对于 
a book about ships 关于船舶的书
2. 在……四周/周围(常用在动词后面),在……一带/附近/身边
Gather about the table 围桌而坐
Have you a pen about you? 你带着笔吗?
3. 在……各处,去……各处
take the foreign guests about the campus 带外宾参观校园
4. (时刻、大小、数量等)近于,大约
We left there about six o'clock. 我们大约在6点钟离开那里的。
5. 纲要,正准备(常构成be about to)He was about to leave. 他正想离开。
【短语】what about/how about… ……怎么样?

argue about争论 
ask about询问 
bring about带来
care about在意 
chat about闲聊
complain about报怨
go about着手 
hear about听说
hesitate about 对……犹豫不决
inquire about打听 
know about了解
look about 环顾四周
quarrel about争吵
see about+n/doing sth. 安排,着手处理 
set about doing sth. 着手干某事
talk about谈论 
think about考虑 

worry about担心 

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