中国古代文化与社会英文综合教程原文翻译答案
汉译英练习之一:
1、唐装是中国的传统服饰。从字面上看,唐装就是唐朝的服装,但是现代版的唐装与此没有任何关系,它 起源于清朝的满族服饰。    2001APEC会议上各国政要身着唐装亮相,从那时起,这款新型服饰才流行起
来并在国内外大受欢迎。唐装结合了中国的传统因素和西方的剪裁艺术。服装的基本造型是中式领子,对 襟,手工盘扣,为了外型更美观,肩部加了衬垫。
2、上世纪70年代末,为了控制人口增长,中国开始实行计划生育政策。如今全国独生子女数量已超 2亿。 他们的出现给家庭成员的关系带来了许多变化。与有兄弟妹的孩子相比,独生子女有某些缺点,他们被 称为惯坏了的“小皇帝”。但同时,他们也有一定的优势,如自尊心、独立性和自我意识较强。他们不应被 视为“问题孩子”,他们是中国的未来和希望。
3.黄河,长5464千米,是中国的第二长河,世界第五长河。若把中国比作昂首挺立的雄鸡,黄河便是雄
鸡心脏的动脉(artery)。在中国古代史上,黄河被称为中华民族的“母亲”    ,她哺育了千千万
万中华儿女。
黄河流域是中华民族的“摇篮(cradle )”,也是中国文化发祥地。在古代,这里曾经草木茂密,植物丰盛, 我们的祖先便在这块广大的土地上劳动生息。
4.木偶戏可以说是中国最古老的民间艺术( 中国英文怎么写folk art )形式之一,其历史可追溯到    2000多年前。到了宋
代(Song Dyn asty),所有社会阶层似乎都喜欢上了木偶戏。中国的民间艺术家们使用包括木头、布、线在 内的各种原材料来制作木偶    (puppet )。表演木偶戏时,对话有时还伴着民歌和舞蹈。    其主题一般来自于儿
童故事、寓言、神话和传说。
5.相传有一年天下闹瘟疫,八仙( The Eight Immortals )想到东海瀛洲采药解除人间的瘟疫。八位仙人
约定八月十五在崂山山顶会面。会面后,各自拿出自己的宝物(    charm),倚物渡海。面对烟波浩淼的大海,
徐徐清风扑面而来。八位仙人说说笑笑向大海彼岸漂去。之后民间流传谚语“八仙过海,各显神通”    ,比喻
人们做某件事情或竞赛时,各自都有一套办法或本领。
6.中国的筷子为人类文明做出了巨大贡献。诺贝尔奖获得者李政道先生曾说:    “中国人早在春秋战国时代
就发明了筷子。如此简单的两根东西,却高妙绝伦地应用了物理学上的杠杆    (leverage)原理。”根据日本学
者的研究,人在用筷子夹食物时,有    80多个关节和50条肌肉在运动,并且与脑神经    (cranial nerves)   
关。因此,用筷子吃饭可以训练大脑。
7.中国汉字是从图画、符号逐渐演变形成的,汉字的书写和发展过程导致了书法艺术(    Ch in ese art of
calligraphy )的产生。不同于西方的油画,中国的传统绘画有独特的表现形式。    由于最早的绘画和写字均
使用同样的工具,并且都是以线条为主,故有“书画同源”之说。人物画、山水画和花鸟画均为传统绘画
的重要画种。中国传统绘画中一般都有题诗或题字,诗、书、画因而汇合成一个艺术整体,给人以更加丰 厚的美学内涵。
8.中国农历七月初七的七夕节相当于西方国家的情人节。    牛郎织女的悲情故事赋予了这个节日浓郁的浪漫
气息。传说这对被银河分开的恋人只能每年这个晚上在鹊桥上相会一次。过去,女孩会举行仪式乞求织女 以获得智慧、巧手和美满婚姻。然而这些古老的传统和习惯正在逐渐消失。
9.中国的龙崇拜有五千年以上的历史。    封建(feudal )时代,龙就成为了皇权(imperial power)的象征,
中国的历代帝王都自称“真龙天子”    ,并认为他们和龙一样神圣不可侵犯。而今天,所有的中国人都以自
己是“龙的传人”而自豪。龙在中国文化中占据着重要的地位,起着重大的影响。它是国家的象征、民族 的象征、文化的象征,也是一个伟大的祖国迅速崛起的象征。
10."面子” (face/ mianzi )是中国传统文化里的一个重要概念。它在中国人的人际关系中起着非常重要 的作用。中国人长期以来受提倡"和谐”的儒家思想(    Con fucian thoughts/ideas    )的影响。对于他们来
说,“有面子”是与他人维持和谐人际关系的重要方式。    “没面子”或者说“丢脸”是指一个人在公开场合
犯了令人尴尬的错误。而“挽回面子”则是指一个人恢复了自己的名誉。
参考译文
1.Tan gzhua ng is a traditi onal Chin ese coat. Literally, it means Chin ese clothes in the T
ang Dyn asty, but the moder n vers ion bears no relati on ship with the clothes of the Tang Dyn asty. It evolves from a ki nd of Man chu cloth ing. Because it was worn by leaders from differe nt coun tries in APEC in 2001, it became famous. From then on, this new kind of clothing has enjoyed a great popularity among Chin ese people and overseas. Tan gzhua ng comb ines traditi onal Chin ese eleme nts and western cutting methods. Its basic style includes a Mandarin collar, front opening and han d-made Chin ese kno ts. Shoulder pads are in serted for better fit.
2.Since the end of the 1970s, China has carried out a n ati onal family pla nning policy of    one
couple, one child , in order to check population    growth. At present,    the number of single children
has grow n to more tha n 2 billi on n ati on wide. Their emerge nee has brought about many cha nges in
relationships    among family members. Compared to kids with siblings,    single children    have certain
shortcomings, which have earned them the name of spoiled/ pampered    little emperors . But
meanwhile they have certain    advantages,    such as greater emphasis on self-esteem,    stronger    sense
of independence and individuality.Instead of being referred to as    problem children    they
should be treasured as China ' s Future.
3.The Yellow River, 5464 kilometers in length, is the second Iongest river in China and the fifth
Iongest in the world. If China is compared to a rooster which holds up its head to stand up
right, Yellow River is the rooster ' s heart artery. Known in ancient history as the    mother of the
Chinese nation, the Yellow River has given life to hundreds of millions of Chinese. It    ' s also
called the cradle of the nation and the birthplace of its civilization. In ancient times,
the Yellow River was covered with luxuriant    trees and grass, a region with an abundance of plant
life where Chin ese an cestors lived and worked.
4.Puppetry is perhaps one of the oldest forms of folk art in Chin a. Its history can be dated
back to more tha n 2,000 years ago. By the Song Dyn asty, it seemed that puppetry had    bee n enjoyed
by all social classes. Folk artists in China use various kinds of materials to make puppets,
including wood, cloth and wire. In performances, dialogues are carried out accompanied sometimes by folk songs and dan ces. The subject matter is derived mainly from childre n's stories, fables, myths and lege nds.

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