表格式过去完成进行时态和语态
过去进行时特点 | 要点内容 |
概念 | 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。 |
标志语 | |
谓语动词的时态构成 | had+been +doing |
谓语动词语态构成形式 | 无被动语态 |
温馨提示（重要考点） | |
过去完成进行时
一 定义：过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束
He had been waiting for two weeks and he was still waiting．
（有一个表示一段时间的状语）
二 谓语动词时态构成：
主语 +had+been +doing （have/has随人称的变化而变化）
三 与过去完成时的比较：
Up to that time he had been translating those books．
（He was still translating at “that time”．）
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．
He was now thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．
（He was still gambling at thirty．）
He had been standing there in the sun．（没有时间状语）
He had been thinking about his marriage．
不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去：
He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．
（At seven he did not wait any more．）
He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．
四 特别含义
1）尚未完成：
He had been writing the novel．（He had not finished it yet．）
2）企图：
He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．
（He was trying to study it．）
3）未得结果：
We had been studying what our enemy had said．
（But we were not able to understand it．）
4）最近情况： He had been quarrelling with his wife．（lately）
5）反复动作： He had been asking me the same question．（Many times）
6）情绪： What had he been doing？（不耐烦）
五 特点
这种时态很少用在否定句中，而多以过去完成时代替：
He had not practised English for many years．（普通说法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少见）
这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时：
He said，“I have been speaking to John．”
= He said that he had been speaking to John．
He thought，“She was watching me when I passed．”
= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．
过去完成进行时经常与现在完成进行时混淆。
现在完成进行时 (The present perfect progressive)
由 have/has been +-ing 分词构成；
过去完成进行时（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）
由 had been +-ing 分词构成．
现在/过去完成进行时的用法：
A. 在某段时间内一直进行的动作用现在完成进行时来强调动作在某段时间里的持续性．动作通常有"现在"的结果，要根据上下文来确定到"现在"为止，动作是否还在继续进行．同样，过去完成进行时表示在过去更早时间内进行的动作,并对过去某一时刻产生结果。
B.表示重复动作的现在/过去完成进行时
我们也可以用完成进行时形式来表示现在或过去经常重复的动作
注意：过去完成进行时和过去完成时类似，需要有过去这一时间点。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
Had they been expecting the news for some time?
Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.
尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
六 用法
昨天已成过去
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
②表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中(详见第12章)。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
I had been sleeping when my friend telephone me.
我正在睡觉时，我的朋友给我打电话。
1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：
We have been cleaning the classroom．（a）
We have cleaned the classroom．（b）
（a）句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。（b）句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。又，（a）句表示教室刚刚打扫过，（b）句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。
Be careful! John has been painting the door．（a）
John has painted the door．（b）
（a）句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。（b）句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。
（2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：
They have been widening the road．（a）
They have widened the road．（b）
（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性（如一些属于持续体的动词），但无临时性质。如：
Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978．（a）
Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979．（b）
（a）句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义，（b）句则没有。
（3）但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如：
My mother has been teaching English for twenty years．（a）
My mother has taught English for twenty years.（b）
（a）句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。（b）句则较为正式。又，（a）句表示动作现在仍在继续．并将延续下去，（b）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
（4）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：
Have you been meeting her lately？（a）
Have you met her lately？（b）
（a）句有“经常相会”之意，（b）句则没有。（b）句如与often，every day等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。
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