情态动词+完成时
情态动词+完成时
(modal verbs + have + past participle)
情态动词与动词原型连用，表示对目前或将来情况的瞧法或态度
情态动词与完成时连用时，表示对过去情况的瞧法或态度。
1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，实际上就是说话人在表达责备，抱怨或遗
憾的意思。
We should have cut away the jungle bush、
我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied、
我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。
s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。
You shouldn’t have told anyone about it、
您本来不应该告诉任何人。
They shouldn’t have left so soon、
她们本来不应该去得那么早。
2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，相当于“should + have + 过去分词”
You ought to have helped him、
您本应该帮她一把。
You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week、
上周您就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。
否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词
eg、You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away、
您不该把她的伞拿走。
He oug htn’t to have been there、
她本不应该到那去。
3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，译成“当时一定；想必已经；当时可能”。
What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher、
对这位年轻教师来说，教我这样的学生当时一定就是个巨大的挑战。
Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night、
因为沟里涨满了水，昨晚一定下过雨了。
表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”，一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。
Joe can’t have left、I saw him just now、
乔不可能离开了，刚才我还瞧见她了。
The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped、
舞会不可能象您希望的那样成功。
“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时，反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语(before 除外)反意疑问句用did、
He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?
她准把作业做完了。对不？
He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he?
她昨晚上肯定参加会议了，就是不？
4. may (might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，可用于肯定句，否定句，但不用于
疑问句
In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique、
作为报答，我也许教给了您们一点点医疗技术。
Might he have been caught and killed?
她有可能被抓住杀掉了不？
might + have + 过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测，有“本应该┅”，含有婉转责备的意思。
You might have listened to me while I was talking to you、
我对您讲话时，您应该认真听才对。
You might have let me know before you went out、
外出之前，您本应该先告诉我一声。
5. can (could) + have +过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。“can + have + 过去分词”一般多
用于疑问句与否定句, 不用于肯定句。
昨天已成过去Can he have gone yesterday?
难道她昨天就已经走了不？
They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, because I dr ew a map to them、
她们不可能在森林中迷路，因为我给她们画了一张画。
Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend、I saw him at the school ground this morning、
本周末贝尔不可能回家，今天下午我还在学校操场上瞧见她了。
Mary can’t have gone to school、It’s Sunday、
玛丽不可能去上学，今天就是星期天。
在表示对过去某事的推测时，可用could/ might / may + 完成时。
They could/might/may have heard the news from smith、
她们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。
6. need + have +过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”，但实际做了。有责备的意思。否定形式
表示“做了本不应该做”的事
You needn’t have woken me up so early、It’s Sunday today、
您没有必要这么早就叫醒我,(因为)今天就是星期天。
You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain、
您本来不必浇这些花，因为天就要下雨了。
You needn' t have told him the news; he knew it already、
您不必再告诉她这个消息，她已经知道了。
You needn't have walked up; you could have taken the lift、
您没必要走着上去；您本来可以乘电梯。
didn't need to do(=I didn't have to)的“本沒有必要做也沒有做”
I didn't need to go to the bank、I borrowed some money from Mary、
我不必去银行--我玛丽借了点儿钱、
翻译理解以下句子:
1、It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet、
2、You must have been mad to speak to an animal、
3、Mr、Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now、
4、Mary can't have taken your dictionary、She has gone home、
5、There is no light in the room、Can they have gone out?
6、There is nowhere to find them、Where can they have gone?
7、He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless、
8、—What has happened to George?
—I don't know、He may have got lost、
9、He might have given you more help, even though he was busy、
10、She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances、
11、Tom, you are too lazy、The work should have been finished yesterday、
12、Look, Tom is crying、I shouldn't have been so harsh on him、
13、I ought to have gone home last Sunday、
14、You ought not to have given him more help、
15、I needn't have bought so much wine — only five people came、
巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。
1.---You didn’t wait for Mr、Smith last night, did you?
---No, but we ______、He didn’t return home at all、
A、couldn’t have waited
B、needn’t have没有必要做但实际做了
C、didn’t need to沒有必要做实际也沒有做
D、should wait
2.Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up、
A、could
B、might
C、should
D、must
3.---May I speak to your manager Mr、Smith at six o’clock tonight ?”
---“I’m sorry, Mr、Smith ______ to a conference before then、”
A、will have gone
B、had gone
C、would have gone
D、has gone
4、---Tom took away my cell phone without being permitted、
--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing、
A、must
B、may
C、can
D、should
5.--- Was it Mary who made the suggestion?
--- It _______ have been、I can’t remember、
A、need
B、must
C、should
D、may
6.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday、I _________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me 、
A、should have taken
B、could have taken
C、needn't have taken
D、mustn't have taken
7.He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free、
A、could
B、would
C、must
D、need
8.I didn’t see her in the meeti ng room this morning、She _______ at the meeting 、
A、mustn’t have spoken
B、mightn’t have spoken
C、can’t have spoken
D、shouldn’t have spoken
9.--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?
---Sorry、You ______ the wrong number 、
A、must dial
B、must have dialed
C、should dial
D、should have dialed
10.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car、They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour 、
A、should have been doing
B、must have been doing
C、could have done
D、would have done
11、He is not poor、You ____ have lent him the money、
A、can’t
B、needn’t
C、couldn’t
D、mustn’t
12、There was plenty of time、You ___ have hurried、
A、won’t
B、mustn’t
C、needn’t
D、couldn’t
13、I ____ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine、I stopped and talked with him for some time、
A、shouldn’t have come
B、must have come
C、needn’t have come
D、could have come
14、They ____ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard、
A、must
B、could
C、should
D、might
15、He was sent to hospital、Something _______ to him、
A、must happen
B、should have happened
C、could have happened
D、must have happened
16、I didn’t hear the phone、I ________ asleep、
A、must be
B、must have been
C、should be
D、should have been
17、--- I rang your home yesterday、A man answered but I didn’t recognize the voice、--- On, it _________ my brother, Peter、
A、must be
B、must have been
C、can have been
D、might be
Keys for reference:
1---5 CAADD      6---10 CACBB
11---15 BCDBD 16---3 BB
教学反思
传统的英语教学中，教师特别重视学生课堂上英语知识的消化，讲究知识点的掌握程度，教学中重视课内知识的封闭传授而轻视课内外方法的开放学习，这种传统的灌输式使学生缺乏灵活性与创造性。在课堂上极大限度地为学生提供机会，使学生的主体作用得到充分的再现。在听、说、读、写、思维、表达等方面进行训练，力求让学生做学习的主人，学生自己能做的，一律放手，使学生能自学、自答、、自测、自做、自评。因此，教师应该改变传统的教学观念，教会学生学习英语的方法，让学生“会学”英语，培养学生与老师互动式学习，这就是当今
英语教学中重要的方法。

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