数词(第九次)
初中英语数词讲解
数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词,分基数词和序数词两种。
1.基数词
表示数量多少的词是基数词,如:one, two, three等。构成方法如下:
1)从112分别由从onetwelve12个各不相同的词表示。
2)从1319均以后缀-teen结尾。
3)从2090的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示几十几时,个位和十位之间需加连字符,如twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three等。
4)数字的写法和读法:
十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”
  ⑵百位和十位之间要加and
  ⑶三位数以上的数,从个位往前数,每三位数加一个逗号,从后往前数的第一个逗
号代表thousand,第二个逗号代表million,第三个逗号是billion,注意这几个词不能用复
数形式,后也不能加and
5)表示具体、准确的数目时,hundred, thousand, million等数词后不能加-s, five hundred, six thousand, seven million等。
6)当hundred, thousand等数词与of连用,表示不具体、不准确的数目时,词尾须加-s。如:
  thousands of students, millions of trees.
2. 序数词
1)不规则变化
2)以-ty结尾的表示几十的基数词,先把y变为i,再加-eth
3)表示第几十几时,十位数的几十仍用基数词,只把个位部分变成序数词就行了。
4)除上述情况外,均在词尾加-th,如ten  tenth  one hundred    one hundredth
. 数词的用法
(一)表示事物的编号
基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写;序数词放到名词的前面,加定冠词。
第一课  Lesson 1/ the first lesson.    Row 3/ the third row
(二)年、日、时刻表达方法。
用基数词,用序数词,前要加定冠词。读的顺序是月日年。如:199952日读作:May the second, nineteen ninety
时刻用基数词表达,同时要注意以下两点。
1.表示整点时,在基数词后加o’clock;
  9:00 o’clock.
2.分钟小于或等于30分钟的,用分钟数+past+钟点数形式;分钟数大于30分钟的,用到下一个钟点所差的分钟数+to+下一个钟点数形式,也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数。
7:20  twenty past sevenseven twenty.
3.注意两个特殊的表示时间的单位词:30分钟用half15分钟用a quarter,如:
6:30 读作:half past six
5:45 读作:a quarter to six
6:15 读作:a quarter past six
(3)分数的表达方法
表示分数时,分子用基数,分母用序数,分子大于1,分母用复数。分数修饰名词时,后用of短语。如:
1/3 one third of teachers  3/7  three sevenths of the boys
1/2, 1/4分别用 a halfa quarter表示。
(4)基数词-名词-形容词结构
基数词-名词-形容词只能用来放到名词前作定语。如:
She is a 3-year-old girl.
They live in a 7-storey-high building.
注:这种结构中名词不能用复数,同时只能作定语。用作表语时,不用连字符,名词有复数。如:
Tony is 10 years old this year.
Tony is a 10-year-old boy.
1.基数词和序数词
Dick, it is the ________ time in ________ days that you’ve made the same mistake.
A. two, three      B. second    , three    C. two, third    D. second, third  (2007乌鲁木齐)
[解题技巧]
    以此立意的试题要求考生能正确使用基数词和序数词:基数词用来表达事物的量;序数词用来表达事物的顺序。
    本题的第一空表示顺序用序数词second;第二空用基数词three,答案为B
2.分数
It is said that the gravity(引力) on Mars is only about __________ of the gravity on earth.
A. threeeighths    B. thirdeighth    C. threeeights    D. thirdeight2006苏州)
[解题技巧]
    以此立意的试题考查考生能否正确使用分数:分子在前用基数,分母在后用序数。分子大于一,分母用复数,分子与分母之间可以用连字符连起来也可以不用连字符,如two thirds
two-thirds;当分数修饰名词作定语时,后要跟of,如:two thirds of students 三分之二的学生
    本题的选项中只有A项正确。
3.hundred,thousand,million,billion等单位数词
How many people will come to Beijing next year?
It’s hard to say, ________ people, I think.
A. million of    B. millions of    C. three millions    D. three millions of  (2007芜湖)
[解题技巧]
    以此立意的试题考查考生能否正确使用hundred等单位数词。表示单位的数词用法分两种情况:1)当放在具体的数字后边,表示具体的百、千、百万、十亿时,不能用复数形式,可以直接修饰名词复数,如two thousand students2)当表示大概的几百、几千、几百万、几十亿时,用复数形式+of”结构,前边不能用具体的数字,如:thousands of student
s
本题中只有B项正确。
课堂过手练习
  (  )1.If you go out at night, you’ll be able to see ____ starts.
  A. thousands of      B. thousand of
  C. nine thousands of  D. thousands
  (  )2.Monday is ___ day of the week.
  A. first            B. the first
  C. the second      D. second
  (  )3.You’ve done it twice. Why not try ____ time?
  A. third  B. the third  C. a third  D. once
  (  )4.Which is the____ month? It’s September.
  A. nine  B. nineth  C. ninth  D. ninety
  (  )5.December is ___ of the year.
  A. the twelfth months  B. the twelfth month
  C. the twelveth months D. twelve months
  (  )6.There are ___ floors in the building and he lives on the ____ floor.
九大写  A. eighteen, fifteen  B. eighteenth, fifteenth
  C. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, fifteenth
  (  )7.I was born ___, 1982.
  A. on June 2rd    B. in June 2nd
  C. on June two    D. on June 2
  (  )8.It’s ____ from our home to the zoo.
  A. two and a half hours’ walk
  B. a half and two hours walk
  C. two hours and a half hour’s walk
  D. two and a half hour’s walk
  (  )9.What time is it now? It’s ___ to six.
  A. quarter B. a quarter C. quarto  C. a quarto
  (  )10.Will you be back in ____ ?
  A. one or two minutes B. one minute or two
  C. two minutes or one D. two or one minute
  (  )11.Mary’s uncle went to France ____.
  A. in his thirties      B. on his thirties
  C. at his thirties      D. about his thirties
  (  )12.The headmaster wrote a ___ report.
  A. two thousand words B.two-thousand-words
  C. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-word
  (  )13.____of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.
  A. Two-third        B. Second-third
  C. Two-thirds        D. Second-thirds

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