2021考研英语一新题型试题解析
2021考研英语一新题型试题解析
In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?
  A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.
  Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:
  Better hiring practices
  Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does,” says Pédro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science 41_____________ One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.
  More effective marketing
六级新题型  Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. 42_________These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.
  Saving customers money
  Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. “Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much,” says Domingos, 43____________
  Improved accuracy
  “Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable,” says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.” 44___________
  Protecting and maintaining infrastructure
  A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingos. 45_______
  [A] AI replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.
  [B] One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.
  [C] There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
  [D] You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.
  [E] Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.
  [F] We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
  [G] AI looks at résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.
  【正确答案】41-45 GCEBD
  【解析】
  41. G. 根据Pédro Domingos所说的话“有实验表明，面试的结果自然比人工智能的做法更有偏见”可知，此段落的内容应与“人工智能给面试带来的好处”相关，而几个选项中提到人工智能的好处的只有A和G选项。A选项只提及人工智能会代替人们做一些无聊的工作，并未提及任何和面试相关的内容，可排除。G选项提到“人工智能比人类更多地查看简历，并选择更有前途的候选人”，正是人工智能给面试带来的好处。
  42. C. 根据后文可看到有代词These tools，可见选择的选项里应该有一些和工具相关的内容，而以下几个选项中只有C选项有类似信息，如Adwords, Bing and social media等。
  43. E. 结合标题信息“节约顾客的成本”可知此段落与节约成本有关，且通过上文“以前，他们可能不会给那些觉得风险高的人保险，也不会向他们收取过高的费用”可见接下来的内容应与收取保险费用相关。以下几个选项中只有E选项提及了收取保险费用过低，花费成本的内容。
  44. B. 结合标题信息“提高准确度”，且通过前文信息“机器学习通常提供更可靠的统计形式，这使数据更有价值，并帮助人们做出更明智的决定”可知，该段落应与数据的准确度相关。而以下几个选项只有B选项有提及“AI可以使审查合同的过程更快、更准确”。

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