Cancer is the world's top "economic killer" as well as its likely leading cause of death. Cancer costs more in 36 and lost life than AIDS, malaria, the flu and other diseases that spread person-to-person. Chronic diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes 37 for more than 60 percent of deaths worldwide but less than 3 percent of public and private 38 for global health, said Rachel Nugent of the Center for Global Development, a Washington-based policy research group. Money shouldn't be taken away from fighting diseases that. 39 person-to-person, but the amount 40 to cancer is way out of whack (重击) with the impact it has, said Otis Brawley, the cancer society's chief medical officer.
Cancer's economic toll (损耗) was $895 billion in 2008--equivalent to 1.5 percent of the world's gross 41 product, the report says. That's in terms of disability and years of life lost--not the cost of treating the disease, which wasn't addressed in the report. Many groups have been pushing for more attention to non-infectious causes of death, and the United Nations General Assembly has set a meeting on this a year from now. Some policy experts are 42 it to the global initiative that led to big increases in spending on AIDS nearly a decade ago. "This needs to be discussed at the UN--how we are going to deal with this rising burden of 43
disease", said Dr. Andreas Ullrich, medical officer for cancer control at WHO.
Researchers used the World Health Organization's death and disability reports, and economic data from the World Bank. They 44 disability-adjusted life years, which reflect the impact a disease has on how long and how 45 people live.
A.productively B.supplying C.shifting D.spread E.account F.funding G.calculated H.devoted I .productivity J.chronic Kparing L. domestic M.doubtful N.clumsily O.disability
46、根据答案，回答46-56题。
Daylight Saving Time (DST)六级新题型
How and When Did Daylight Saving Time Start?
A.Benjamin Franklin--of "early to bed and early to rise" fame-was apparently the first person to suggest the concept of daylight savings. While serving as U.S. ambassador to Fr
ance in Paris, Franklin wrote of being awakened at and realizing, to his surprise, that the sun would rise far earlier than he usually did. Imagine the resources that might be saved if be and others rose before noon and burned less midnight oil, Franklin,tongue half in cheek, wrote to a newspaper.
B.It wasn't until World War I that daylight savings were realized on a grand scale. Germany was the first state to adopt the time changes, to reduce artificial lighting and thereby save coal for the war effort. Friends and foes soon followed suit. In the U.S. a federal law standardized the yearly start and end of daylight saving time in 1918--for the states that chose to observe it.
C.During World War II the U.S. made daylight saving time mandatory (强制的) for the whole country, as a way to save wartime resources. Between February 9, 1942, and September 30, 1945, the government took it a step further. During this period daylight saving time was observed year-round, essentially making it the new standard time, if only for a few years. Many years later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was enacted, mandating a controversial month-long extension of daylight saving time, starting in 2007.
Daylight Saving Time: Energy Saver or Just Time Suck?
D.In recent years several studies have suggested that daylight saving time doesn't actually save energy-and might even result in a net loss. Environmental economist Hendrik Wolff, of the University of Washington, coauthored a paper that studied Australian power-use data when parts of the country extended daylight saving time for the 2000 Sydney Olympics and others did not. The researchers found that the practice reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening but increased energy use in the now dark mornings--wiping out the evening gains. That's because the extra hour that daylight saving time adds in the evening is a hotter hour. "So if people get home an hour earlier in a warmer house, they turn on their air conditioning," the University of Washington's Wolff said.
E. But other studies do show energy gains. In an October 2008 daylight saving time report to Congress, mandated by the same 2005 energy act that extended daylight saving time, the U.S. Department of Energy asserted that springing forward does save energy. Extended daylight saving time saved 1.3 terawatt (太瓦) hours of electricity. That figure sug
gests that daylight saving time reduces annual U.S. electricity consumption by 0.03 percent and overall energy consumption by 0.02 percent. While those percentages seem small, they could represent significant savings because of the nation's enormous total energy use.
F. What's more, savings in some regions are apparently greater than in others. California, for instance, appears to benefit most from daylight saving time--perhaps because its relatively mild weather encourages people to stay outdoors later. The Energy Department report found that daylight saving time resulted in an energy savings of one percent daily in the state.
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