中国文化英文介绍
Confucius
Confucius named Qiu styled Zhongni, a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius instructed more than 3000 disciples and some
were from poor families. Confucius gradually changed the tradition that only nobilities had the right to receive education. In his later years , Confucius compiled many literary works of ancient times, including The Book of Songs ,The Book of Documents, and The Books of Changes. His
saying and behaviors were compiled in The Analects of Confucius by his disciples. His ideology has been absorbed and carried composing the essential part of Chinese traditional ideology. It was
also spread into the border regions and areas building
up a circle  of Confucianism.  UNESCO
labeled him one of the
“ Ten Culture Celebrities
”.
孔子
孔子名丘字仲尼，  春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家，
儒家学派创史人。  孔子一共教授了三千
多个学生， 其中不乏贫困家庭的孩子，
改变了只有贵族子女才有资格上学的传统。
孔子晚年
还编订上古书籍， 《诗经》《尚书》《周易》 等。孔子的言行被他的弟子们收集在
《论语》 中，
他的思想也被后人吸收和发扬光大，
成为中国传统思想最主要的组成部分，
并逐渐传播到周
边国家， 形成了影响范围很广的儒家文化圈。
中国英文联合国教科文组织曾将孔子列入世界十大文化
名人之一。
Beijing Opera
Beijing Opera is the most popular and influential opera in China with a history of almost 200 years. In development Beijing Opera has formed a number of fictitious props. For instance a pedal means a boat. Without any physical props involved , an actor may perform going upstairs or downstairs opening or closing a door by mere gestures. Though exaggerated those actions would give audience an impression with graceful movements. There are four main roles sheng dan jing and chou. A sheng or dan has the eyebrows painted and eyes circled. A jing and chou have their facial makeup ,for example, a red face depicts the loyalty and bravery and a white face symbolizes treachery and guile.
京剧
京剧是中国流行的最广泛影响最大的一个剧种， 拥有两百多年的历史。 在长期的发展过程中，京剧形成了一套虚拟表演动作， 如一条桨就可以代表一只船。 不需要任何的道具， 演员就能表现出上楼、下楼， 开门、 关门等动作，虽然经赤了夸张但这些动作能给观众既真实又优美
的感觉。京剧演员分生、旦、净、丑四个行当，生和旦的化痕迹要描眉、吊眉、画眼圈，净丑面部需要化妆，比如，红脸表示忠诚勇猛，白脸表示奸险。

Paper-Cuts
Chinese paper-cuts are pretty and exquisite with a unique oriental style. They make viewers to feel the real daily life and a festive atmosphere. The making of paper-cuts is a popular folk art of more than 2000 years in China. They are mostly created by women in rural areas. The designs are fowls domestic animals crops, episodes from operas auspicious symbols and so on. Used on the Chinese lunar New Year or other festivals, they add delight and festivity to the life of the ordinary people. Paper-cuts fall into two categories, simple and natural single-colored ones, and gorgeous and colorful ones. The famous ones are window-panes from Shanxi, figurines of local operas from Weixian Hebei, and embroidery copies in ethnic minorities in southern China. Chinese paper-cut has been listed as one of the world?s cultural heritages by UNESCO.
剪纸
中国的剪纸美丽精巧，    带有独特的东方神韵。    她们使人感到浓浓的生活气息和欢乐的喜庆的
气氛。剪纸艺术大约有    2000 多年的历史，是中国民间十分常见的工艺品。她们大多出自农
村妇女之手，图案有家禽、家畜、农作物、花鸟、娃娃、戏曲故事、吉祥图案等，常常在过
年过节和喜庆吉日时使用。    鲜艳美丽的剪纸给中国普通百姓的生活带来了欢乐和喜气。    剪纸
分单和彩两种，    单朴素大方， 彩的绚丽多彩。比较有名的剪纸有陕西的窗花，    河北
蔚县的戏曲人物， 以及南方少数民族的绣花底样等。    中国剪纸己被联合国教科文组织列入世
界文化遗产，
Cheong-sam    Long Gown and Mandarin Jacket
Originated in Manchu female?s dress in the Qing Dynasty, Cheong-sam is regarded as the model of Chinese traditional dressing culture. It accords with the harmony of Chinese culture in style and shows rich oriental feature in techniques. It gives prominence to a lady?s slender figure
and heightens the gravity center of human body together with high-heel shoes. Civility elegance and dignity can be fully displayed. It has developed its own long-lasting trend.
As for the traditional clothes of Chinese men, the long gown and mandarin jacket are typical. As the dress of Manchu men both have round-necks and narrow sleeves. The mandarin jacket has buttons down the front ,mostly with sleeves like a horse,s hoof. The front of long gowns is basically large .The long gown and mandarin jacket give the impression of comfortableness and ease as well as sobriety.

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