2007-2008学年第一学期末考试试题（A卷）
课程名称：FUNDAMENTALS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
一、填空题（20分）[每空0.5分]
1 The discipline of materials science involves In contrast, materials engineering
is .
2 金属材料的晶体结构主要包括: , , , .
3 物质中原子之间相互作用起源于原子核和电子间交互作用，根据电子围绕原子的分布方式，可以将这些作用力分为：
, , , , .
4 高分子材料的基本结构包括: , ,斗蛋哪种最不容易碎 , .
5 Forming techniques of metallic materials common include , , ,and
, .
6 Hardness of materials is measured according these methods , , , .
7 POLYMER ADDITIVES applied in polymer materials common includes , , , ,and , .
8 根据材料磁化率，可以把材料的磁性大致分为五类 , , , ,
.
10 Three different forming methods are used to fabricate glass products: , , and .
11 自由基聚合方法是指，聚合过程包括三步 , , .
12 FORMING TECHNIQUES FOR PLASTICS includes: , ,and .
二、问答题（40分）[每题8分]
1 Give the electron configurations for the following ions: Fe2+, Cu+, Br- and S-2.
2 什么叫复合材料？复合材料的优点有哪些？
3 什么叫导电率？导电的机理是什么？聚合物导电率为什么比较低？
4 金属材料成型方法选择主要依赖于什么因素？试述聚合物成型加工特点与优势？
5 Briefly cite the main differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding?
三、计算题（40分）[图层蒙版每题10分]
1 The number-average degree of polymerization of a polypropylene is 6789, Compute the number-average molecular weight?
2 Zirconium has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 6.51 g/cm3. What is the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters?
3 An n-type semiconductor is known to have an electron concentration of 3×1018m-3.if the electron drift velocity is 100m/s in an electric field of 500V/m, calculate the conductivity of this material.
4 The magnetization within a bar of some metal alloy is 3.2×105 A/m at an H field of 50 A/m.Compute the following:
(a) The magnetic susceptibility.
(b) The permeability.
A卷答案
一、填空题（20分）[每空0.5分]
1 investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. On the basis of these structure–property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.
2 体心立方（body-centered cubic）、面心立方(face-centered cubic)、密排六方(hexagonal close-packed)。
1 investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. On the basis of these structure–property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.
2 体心立方（body-centered cubic）、面心立方(face-centered cubic)、密排六方(hexagonal close-packed)。
3 离子键(ionic bond)、共价键(covalent bond)、金属键(metallic bond)、分子间作用力(van der waal)和氢键(hydrogen bond)。
4 线形结构(linear)，支链结构(branched)，交联结构(crosslink)，网状结构(network)。
5 forging, rolling, extrusion, and drawing。
6 ROCKWELL, BRINELL, VICKERS
7 filler materials(填充物), plasticizers（增塑剂）, stabilizers（稳定剂）, colorants（着剂）, and flame retardants（阻燃剂）
8 铁磁性（ferromagnetism），亚铁磁性(ferrimagnetism)，顺磁性(paramagnetism)，反铁磁性(diamagnetism)和抗铁磁性(antiferromagnetism)。
9 pressing, blowing, and drawing
10 链引发(initiation)，链增长(propagation)和链终止(termination)。
11 compression8月份的黄道吉日查询（模压）, blow（吹塑）, and injection molding（注射）.
4 线形结构(linear)，支链结构(branched)，交联结构(crosslink)，网状结构(network)。
5 forging, rolling, extrusion, and drawing。
6 ROCKWELL, BRINELL, VICKERS
7 filler materials(填充物), plasticizers（增塑剂）, stabilizers（稳定剂）, colorants（着剂）, and flame retardants（阻燃剂）
8 铁磁性（ferromagnetism），亚铁磁性(ferrimagnetism)，顺磁性(paramagnetism)，反铁磁性(diamagnetism)和抗铁磁性(antiferromagnetism)。
9 pressing, blowing, and drawing
10 链引发(initiation)，链增长(propagation)和链终止(termination)。
11 compression8月份的黄道吉日查询（模压）, blow（吹塑）, and injection molding（注射）.
二、问答题（40分）[每题8分]
1 Solution:
Fe2+ :1s2s2p3s3p63d6-------2
1 Solution:
Fe2+ :1s2s2p3s3p63d6-------2
Cu+:1s2s2p3s3p63d10--------2
Br-:1s2s2p3s3p63d104s24p6------2
小狗总是拉稀怎么办S-2:1s2s2p3s3p6------------------------2
Br-:1s2s2p3s3p63d104s24p6------2
小狗总是拉稀怎么办S-2:1s2s2p3s3p6------------------------2
2 Solution:
A composite, in the present context, is a multiphase material that is artificially
made, as opposed to one that occurs or forms naturally. In addition, the constituent
phases must be chemically dissimilar and separated by a distinct interface（2分）.
discussed; these include multiphase
metal alloys, ceramics, and polymers（1分）.
(1) Most composites have been created to improve combinations
of mechanical characteristics such as stiffness, toughness, and ambient and
high-temperature strength（1分）
（2）example, aircraft engineers are increasingly searching for structural materials that have low densities(1分)
(3) better property
A composite, in the present context, is a multiphase material that is artificially
made, as opposed to one that occurs or forms naturally. In addition, the constituent
phases must be chemically dissimilar and separated by a distinct interface（2分）.
discussed; these include multiphase
metal alloys, ceramics, and polymers（1分）.
(1) Most composites have been created to improve combinations
of mechanical characteristics such as stiffness, toughness, and ambient and
high-temperature strength（1分）
（2）example, aircraft engineers are increasingly searching for structural materials that have low densities(1分)
(3) better property
combinations are fashioned by the judicious combination of two or more distinct
materials such as optical, electrical and magnetic materials and so on(2分)
(4) Cost of some materials may be reduced by adding filler materials(1分)
复合材料是有高分子、无机非金属或金属等多相材料通过人工组合而成的新型材料（2分），其基本是有连续相与分散相组成（1分）。
复合材料的优点：
materials such as optical, electrical and magnetic materials and so on(2分)
(4) Cost of some materials may be reduced by adding filler materials(1分)
复合材料是有高分子、无机非金属或金属等多相材料通过人工组合而成的新型材料（2分），其基本是有连续相与分散相组成（1分）。
复合材料的优点：
1. 提高力学性能（1分）
2. 降低材料的密度（1分）
3. 获得可用的功能性材料，如耐高温，光电磁性材料（2分）
4. 降低成本（2012年护士资格证分数线1分）
3 Solution:
Sometimes, electrical conductivity _is used to specify the electrical character of a
material（1分）. It is simply the reciprocal of the resistivity, and is indicative of the ease
Sometimes, electrical conductivity _is used to specify the electrical character of a
material（1分）. It is simply the reciprocal of the resistivity, and is indicative of the ease
with which a material is capable of conducting an electric current（2分）.
个性网游名字Within most solid materials a current arises from
the flow of electrons, which is termed electronic conduction（2分）. In addition, for ionic
materials a net motion of charged ions is possible that produces a current; such is
termed ionic conduction（1分）.
Most polymeric materials are poor conductors of electricity because of
the unavailability of large numbers of free electrons to participate in the conduction
process（1分）. The mechanism of electrical conduction in these materials is not well
understood, but it is felt that conduction in polymers of high purity is electronic（1分）.
个性网游名字Within most solid materials a current arises from
the flow of electrons, which is termed electronic conduction（2分）. In addition, for ionic
materials a net motion of charged ions is possible that produces a current; such is
termed ionic conduction（1分）.
Most polymeric materials are poor conductors of electricity because of
the unavailability of large numbers of free electrons to participate in the conduction
process（1分）. The mechanism of electrical conduction in these materials is not well
understood, but it is felt that conduction in polymers of high purity is electronic（1分）.
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