►专题15 阅读理解词义猜测题高分技巧+高考题型组合练
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【考情链接】
词义猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。阅读文章时, 常常会遇到一些未见过的词, 但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来, 这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。此类题型要求学生根据阅读材料提供的信息, 结合学习中积累的常识和经验对生词的含义、熟词生义和短语、句子的含义加以猜测, 以及对代词的指代对象准确定位。命题人要求猜测词义的词一般是实词及其词组。題型和考查角度：
1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：
1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means ________.
2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _______.
3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？
4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ____．
这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而
且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。在高考阅读题中，考生要在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
【要点梳理】
考点一：单词或短语意义猜测
上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行
解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
(4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以出原因。
(5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
【2022虹口二模】
Having both is a good idea though it may sound extra redundant. You don’t want to entirely rely on the Cloud, just in case you lose access to your account, or if the provider closes down. And you don’t want to rely exclusively on offline storage, say, on a plug-in hard disk stored at the back of a cupboard, because if disaster strikes then your back-up will burn down alongside your computer and the rest of your belongings.
白露是什么季节37. The underlined word “redundant” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A. unnecessary B. demanding C. meaningful D. useless
【关于高中生活的作文2022闵行二模】
The population of rare Atlantic puffins in Maine, US, took a hit this year, as the number of chicks to survive a tough summer collapsed. The state's coastal bays and the Gulf of Maine are among the fastest warming large water bodies on the planet, making the puffins' fate a test-case for how climate change could disrupt marine ecosystems worldwide.
56. The phrase “took a hit” (in the 1st paragraph) probably mean “________”.
A. suffer heavy losses B. escape bad fortune
宝宝取名字大全C. increase on a large-scale D. decline moderately
【2022静安二模】
St. Petersburg enjoys a wide variety of bars meant for that original Russian vodka experience including the famous bar ryumochnaya. The bar was originally meant to defy the misbehavior of labeling people. It was a place for everyone to just enjoy a drink. A billionaire could be sitting happily next to a worker.
41. The underlined word defy is closest in meaning to______.
A. highlight B. imitate C. resist D. reward
【2022徐汇二模】
附近五星级酒店The Internet is changing the way we communicate. LOL, awks, amazeballs, BRB, the use of emoji and emoticon — and even writing facial expressions such as ‘sad face’— have all become standard in digital communications. So ingrained, in fact, that they’re changing the way we write and even talk.
56. What does the word “ingrained” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A. Deep-rooted. B. Long-lasting. C. Well-equipped. D. Single-minded.
【2021金山一模】
The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn’t sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open seats, but they weren’t together. She was flustered and looked embarrassed.
56. The underlined word “flustered” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. angry B. anxious C. scared D. upset
【2022浦东二模】
To tease apart these features of emotion regulation, Varma designed an experimental situation in which they put participants into an “emotion induction (引导)” treatment. Participants read a story that was intended to cause a negative emotion such as a hit-and-run car accident or the death of your dog.
64. The underlined phrase “tease apart” (Para 3, Line 1) is closest in meaning to _________.
A. identify B. combine C. emphasize D. dominate
【2016上海高考】
新迈腾和新帕萨特哪个好Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.
56. 顺利的反义词The expression “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_________.
A. let suspects keep their balance.
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