黄浦区2018-2019学年第一学期期末质量试卷
高三英语
（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2018.12Ⅰ.listening(略）
II.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions：After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
Just How Buggy is Your Phone?
What item in your home crawls with the most germs?If you say___21___toilet seat,you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list.But cell phones are pretty dirty too.They contain around10times as many germs as toilet seats.People touch their phones,laptops,and other digital devices all day long,yet rarely clean them.
In one incident,a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone.He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola.The phone’s owner reported the theft before___22___（die）from the disease.Soon,the thief began showing symptoms and finally___23___（confess）to the crime. ___24___in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria,not all germs are bad.Most cause no harm. In fact,they could provide helpful information.Look at the surface of your phone carefully.Do you see some dirty mars?“That's all you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“That’s biological information.”
It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from___25___ of your friends and family.They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you.Some day in the future,investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes.Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.
In a2017study,researchers sampled a range of surfaces in22participants’homes,___26___countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice.Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner.The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner.In an___27___（early）study,a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who___28___（use）a computer keyboard ev
en after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.
One day,microbial signatures might show___29___people have gone and what they have touched.They could prove___30___an unmarked device is yours.So,sure,your phone is pretty germy.Does that inspire you,or does it just bother you?
Section B
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
B.similar
E.astronomy
F.altered
G.civilization H.defined I.independence J.invariably K.dominated
The Nile
The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’.The Egyptians depend on the river for food,for water and for life.The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile,creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous___31___.
Snaking through the deserts,the Nile would flood almost___32___each year in June.Once the water subsided,a rich deposit of sand was left behind,making an excellent topaoil.Seeds were sown,yielding wheat, barley,beans,lentils and leeks.Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians,so during the dry seasons,they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land.They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.
An early system of___33___a Nilometer,was used to determine the size of the floods.Later,during the New Kingdom,a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___to the way in which a well is used today.
The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions.Without a(n)___35___system they exchanged goods,bringing back timber,precious stones,pottery,spices and animals.Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___advanced:surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）.Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease,and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）.And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.
By the16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in1882.What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won___38___from Britain after World WarⅡ.The Suez Canal,opened in1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation.But it,and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971___40___the ecology of the Nile,which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than76million-the largest in the Arab world.
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,
儿科实习小结and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities
Water covers71%of Earth’s surface yet only2%of it is accessible as a source of fresh water.___41___on this limited resources is rising,a trend likely to continue.网络人远程控制软件
It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who___42___water.Agriculture,industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply.Globally,70%of fresh water is___43___for agriculture,but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increase to90%.A healthy environment also requires fresh water,and the quality of available water is as important as its___44___.
Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas.___45___for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.
Every thirsty city operates within its own context,___46___to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies.Cape Town,___47___,has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize.At the end of the2017rainy season the city faced the___48___of its dams runnin
g dry during2018.The dams were only37%full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top.In January2018,it was___49___that Cape Town would reach Day Zero,when it would be forced to turn off the taps,in April.This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half,from1.2billion litres a day in2015to fewer than600million litres,and working___50___with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.
On February1,the authorities put in place a strict limit of50litres of water per person per day.___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.
In addition,a ban was placed on using___52___water for gardens,water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks.At the same,the city launched a media___53___to change habits and introduced higher duties.This is not without its costs;agriculture and tourism,both significant areas of employment,have___54___.It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.
Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm.The___55___of Da
y Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.
41.A.Impact B.Pressure C.Impression D.Observation
le B.waste C.consume D.apply
stored B.abstracted C.separated D.preserved
二建报考条件学历专业要求44.A.change B.source C.origin D.volume
45.A.Competition B.Protection C.Construction D.Regulation
ibuting B.regarding C.responding D.referring
47.A.in addition B.for example C.on the contrary D.as a result
48.A.prospect B.illustration C.symptom D.security
ported B.presented C.predicted D.explained
spectively B.increasingly C.restrictively D.extensively
51.A.By comparison B.In other words C.To our surprise D.What’s more
52.A.feasible B.drinkable C.inevitable D.influential
53.A.campaign B.statement C.presentation D.advertisement
54.A.invaded B.liberated C.suffered D.proceeded
怎么调节笔记本电脑亮度55.A.change B.theory C.record D.threat
Section B
(A)
Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects,“Bridge of Terabithia”is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy.Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel,the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative
friendship between two unusually gifted children.The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.
Jess Aarons(Josh Hutcherson)is a sixth grader with four sisters,financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing.An introverted(内向的)kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses,Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie(Anna Sophia Robb),a free spirit whose parents,both writers,are fondly neglectful.An attraction between outsiders,their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures;together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes,a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.
Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life,“Bridge to Terabithia”keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday.Gabor Csupo directs this,his first feature,like someone close to the pain of being different,fascinated in tiny,perfect details.
With strong performances from all the leads,“Bridge to Terabithia”is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity.As the emotional landscape darkens,those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror.In other words,your children may cry,but they won’t be traumatized so badly.
Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web,“Bridge to Terabithia”is the kind of children’s movie r
arely seen nowadays.At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum,the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.
56.The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie________.
A.lost their control over the imaginary kingdom
B.looked down on their individual realities
C.formed a good friendship despite their different talents
D.wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia
57.Which of the following words is most likely to replace“traumatized”(paragraph4)?
B.ignored
C.delighted
D.shocked
58.The two children most likely________.
A.skipped school to play in the woods behind their campus
C.disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginations
D.won against the bullies at school with strong performances
59.Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?
A.The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.
lol英文名字大全B.The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.
C.“Bridge to Terabithia”has a negative impact on public school education.
D.Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.
(B)
Hot Air Balloons
A hot air balloon is made up of3
main parts:
The Envelope
The actual fabric balloon which
holds the air
The Burner
The unit which pushes the heat up
into the envelope
The Basket
Where the passengers and pilot
stand
The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air.This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume.Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains.The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground.
The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air.The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable.Naturally,the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly,the floating power keeps it moving up.
To move the balloon upwards,the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope.It works in much the same way as a gas grill:the more you open the valve,the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.
The“Parachute Valve”at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground.It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket.If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down,he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve,letting hot air escape,decreasing the inner air temperature.This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.
The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind b
lows in different directions at different altitudes.If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction,he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.
60.The purpose of this article is to__________.邮政物流怎么查快递
B.illustrate why hot air balloons are useful
C.describe hot air balloons’structure
D.inform readers about how hot air balloons are made
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