【考向解读】
名词性从句是高考的必考点,它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。单项填空题对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词上,其中连接代词that与what,if与whether是考查的重 点。解决名词性从句的问题的关键是:
一、通过从句的位置 辨别从句的类型;
二、分析从句,看看从句中所缺少的句子 成分和句意,最终确定选用合适的连接词。
【命题热点突破一】 主语从句
1.引导主语从句的连接词:连词that,whether等;连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;连接副词when,where,why,how等。
2.主语从句一般放在句首,但常用it作形式主语,而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型有:
(1)It+be+形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)+that从句
(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句
(3)It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported等)+that从句
(4)It+不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)+that从句
例水泥外加剂1.(2021·高考北京卷,T35)________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A.Where B.How
C.Why D.When
答案:B
【易混辨析】 that与what引导名词性从句的区分
that在名词性从句中不能够充当句子成分,也没有含义;what可以在名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,意思 是“什么,……的事情,什么样的”。that引导宾语从句有 时可以省略,引导其他名词性从句一般不省略,what引导名词性从句都不能省略。
What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书如此非凡的是作者制造性的想象力。(what在从句中作主语)
It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照看真好。(that在从句中不作成分)
【变式探究】
— I will go to the party if I don’t have to dress up.
—Well,actually,it doesn’t matter________you’re dressed.
A.what B.whether
C.how D.when
答案:C
【命题热点突破二】 宾语从句
1.引导宾语从句的连接词:连词that,whether,if;连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;连接副词when,where,why,how,从句用陈述语序。
2.宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列状况下,须用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放 到形式宾 语 或宾补之后。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/宾语从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate+it+宾语从句
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/insist on+it+宾语从句
(4)固定搭配bring it to one’s attention/take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that+宾语从句
3.一般状况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句. 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必需用it作形式宾语.
4.在doubt引导的宾语从句中,若主句为确定句,宾语 从 句的连接词用whether/if,若主句为否定句或疑问句,宾语从句的连接词用that。
5.宾语从句的时态:一般状况下,宾语从句须与主句在时态上保持全都,即当主句是一般现在时时,从句可依据具 体 状况选用合适的时态;而当主句为过去时时,从句须用相 应 的过去时。当从句的内容为真 理或 客观事 实时, 须 用一般 现 在时。
Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping
only when it is necessary.专家们认为假如人们只在必要时购
物,就会铺张较少的食物。
As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to
choose whichever suits you best.店铺起名供应了多达五门的课程,你
可以任意选择最适合你的一门。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
我厌烦他们满嘴食物说话。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在争辩是否让同学加入我们的俱乐部。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every
day.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
例2.(2021·高考重庆卷,T8)We must find out ________ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.
A.when B.how
C.where D.why
解析:考查宾语从句引导词的选择。句意:我们必需查明卡尔________会来,这样我们就能为他预订房间了。预订房间当然与卡尔来的时间息息相关,因此应当选择A项。
答案:A
【变式探究】
It is the modern city set up in________was a wasteland ten years ago________attracts a lot of excellent people throughout China.
A.what;which B.what;that
C.which;that D.where;that
答案:B
【命题热点突破三】 表语从句
1.引导表语从句的连接词:连词that,whether,as if/though;连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,
whichever,whoever等;连接副词when,where,why, how,从句用陈述语序。
2.as if/as though意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常 跟在系动词(如seem,appear栀子花的养殖方法,刑事拘留时间look,taste,sound,feel,smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的状况,从句用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的状况,从句用陈述语气。
3.This/That/It is why+从句(表结果) “这/那就是……的 缘由”
This/That/It is because+从句(表缘由) “这/那是由于……”
The is that+从句 “……的缘由是……”
The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.
对这位足球明星来说,最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。
From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看,地球是蓝的。这是由于地球表面约百分之七十一都被水掩盖着。
I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
我想自己做生意——那是我假如有钱就会做的事情。
The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.
他没有通过考试的缘由是他太马虎了。
He was ill.That’s why he was absent.
他病了,那就是他缺席的缘由。
It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.
听起来你好像来自美国南部。
释小龙电影全集例3.(2021·高考安徽卷,T25) A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not ________ ships are built for.
A.what B.whom
C.why D.when
解析:考查表语从句的引导词。句意:船停在港口是平安的,但那不是造船的本意。从ships are built for来看,表语从句的引导词作for的宾语。why和when是连接副词,不能作宾语,而whom指人,因此选what。
答案:A
【变式探究】
—Lily is often absent from school.
—Yes,she is.That’s ________ she is in poor health.
A.why B.the reason
C.because D.how
解析:分析句子结构可知,That’s 之后应为表语从句。 依据句意可知,健康状况不好是缺席的缘由,故首先应排 除A项;B项不符合规律;D项不符合题意。
答案:C
【命题热点突破四】同位语从句
1.同位语从句通常用that引导,that无词义也不作成分, 但是不能省略,从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether,when,where,why蒸年糕的做法,how等引导。
2.接同位语从句的常见名词:fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等。
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