6上Unit1 The king’s new clothes
一、时态
一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。
时间决定时态，注意句子中的时间副词。一般过去时标志性时间副词有：last(上一个)…, …ago, just now（刚才）, yesterday（昨天），one day, 以及具体表示过去时间的短语.(On Friday, in 2019…）
Mike was happy yesterday.
Your brother was at home just now.过去的状态
They were here a moment ago
Helen went to Beijing last year.
They cooked food yesterday. 过去的行为
She flew kites two days ago.
课本例句：One day,two men visited the king.
1. 表示一般过去时的句式有两种：
1)肯定句：主语+be动词过去式(was, were)+其他
否定句：主语+be动词过去式(was, were)+not+其他
一般疑问句：Be动词过去式(was, were) +主语+其他？
如：I was tired yesterday. I was not tired yesterday. I wasn’ｔtired yesterday.
.
Were you tired yesterday? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’ｔWe were in the park last weekend. We were not in the park last weekend.
Were you in the park last weekend？
Yes, we were. No, we weren’t.
注意：单数was, 复数were, 不可数名词作主语，看成单数用was。
There was some honey in the bottle. Was there any honey in the bottle?
Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.
2）肯定句：主语+行为动词过去式+其他. e.g.:He liked new clothes（课本例句）否定句：主语+ didn’t + 行为动词（原形）+其他.e.g.:He didn’t like new clothes
一般疑问句：Did+主语+行为动词（原形）+其他？e.g.: Did he like new clothes?
注意：行为动词的过去式没有人称和单复数的变化。
如：I watch ed TV yesterday. I didn’ｔw atch TV yesterday.
.
Did you watch TV yesterday? Yes, I did. No, I didn’ｔShe brought some dumplings. She didn’t bring any dumplings.
.
Did she bring any dumplings? Yes, she did. No, she didn’ｔ特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋+ did + 主语+
动词原形+其他？
A: Where did you go for the holiday? B: I went to a farm. (重在回答地点)
A: What did you do for the holiday? B: I visited the Shanghai Museum. (重在事情。)
A: Why did you call me? B: Because I wanted to give you the fish. (重在陈述原因。)
未来热门行业A: How was your holiday? B: It was great fun. (重在表达感受)
如：Where did you go yesterday? What did you do for the holiday?
▲为了便于记忆行为动词（实义动词）的一般过去时用法及结构，我们可用以下歌诀来记忆：
动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。
谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志。
添。
否定形式很简单，主语之后didn’ｔ
疑问构成有规则，主语前面加did，谓语动词要还原。
▲行为动词的过去式构成：
①一般情况是在动词后加ed，如：rain---rained
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词直接加d，如：dance---danced
③结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加ed，如：study---studied
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed，如：stop---stopped
⑤不规则变化：bring---brought，become---became，can---could, fly--flew, go--went;
see---saw ; take---took
▲规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：
过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加—ed
如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上— d 。
“辅音字母＋y ”在词尾，变y为i加—ed 。
“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加—ed 。
▲不规则动词过去式一览表（背诵）
二、单元知识点归纳
1、there be结构在一般过去时的各种句型转换：
There was/were 是there be结构的过去式，表示的是“过去存在某人或某物”。There was后面接可数名词单数形式或不可数名词，there were后面接可数名词复数形式。在there be句型中，be动词的单复数由后面紧挨着的名词的单复数决定，即“就近原则”.例如：
There was a pen and some books near the computer. 在电脑旁边有一支钢笔和一些书。
There were some crayons and a knife in my bag. 我的包里有一些蜡笔和一把小刀。
(1)肯定句：
(2)否定句：在be动词was或were后+not, some要改成any.后面的名词前有a/an 或any时，not any 或not a/an可以转化为no.例如：
There was not a book on the table this morning. = There was no book on the table this morning. 今天早晨桌子上没有书。有关爱国的名人名言
There were some people in the street.(否定句)There were not any(no) people in the street.
(3) 一般疑问句及其肯定和否定回答：
；否把was/were提到句首，若句子中有some, 要把some改成any.肯定回答用“Yes, there was/were”
例如：
定回答用“No, there wasn’t/weren’t”
A: Was there a house on the mountain?
B: Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.
(4)有关there be的特殊疑问句的问答：
(针对名词短语提问)
A1：What was in front of the lion’s house?
B1: There were some flowers .
A2: How many houses were there on the mountain?（针对数量词提问）
B2: There was one.
2.We can make new clothes for you.
⑴情态动词用法
⑵make sth for sb 为某人做某事；make sb do sth 使(让)某人做某事
3.v.表明; 证明; 给…看; 出示; 展示; (通过示范) 教，解说; 演示;
show
n.演出; 歌舞表演; (电视或广播) 节目; 展览; 展览会;
朵show sb sth＝show sth to sb 将某物展示给某人看
<:The two men showed the king his new clothes＝
< on these magic clothes（5下U1）
竭尽全能做某事
try on 试穿; try/do one’s best to do sth
eg.I'll try/do my best to finish my homework.我将尽力完成家庭作业。
▲注意，此处on为副词，若宾语为人称代词，则将该人称代词放在副词前面，如try it on;pick it up 5.⑴see(看见) 和look at(看) 的区别：
look at 表示看的动作，see 表示看的结果
⑵look for和find的区别：
look for 是有目的的“”，强调“寻”的过程；
find强调“寻”的结果，是“到”“发现”的意思。
⑶find/find out (五下U1、六下U6)
二者均有“发现”的意思
find侧重于偶然发现，几乎没有困难地发现，强调结果
find out强调经过了解和查询而弄明白某一事情的真相，强调过程重阳节祝福语送父母
find sb sth 发现某人某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
6.people（5上U5、5下U7）
7.⑴“许多的表达”（参见5上U5、5下U4）
⑵“很少”的表达
little：修饰不可数名词，有否定含义，意思为几乎没有
a little：修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，意思为有一些
few：修饰可数名词，有否定含义，意思为几乎没有
a few：修饰可数名词，肯定含义，意思为有一些
▲做题时先看修饰的是不可数名词还是可数名词，之后再根据句子意思选择
8.感叹句（5上U1）
What beautiful clothes(these) (is)！
How
9.point(5下U4)
point的意思是“指”，作不及物动词时，可以和不同的介词构成短语，如：point at指着；point to指向；point out指出等。例如：
The boy pointed at the book and said,“it’s mine.”
那个男孩指着那本书说：“它是我的书。”
▲point at与point to
point at习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at是介词，着重于指的对象，指人时一
般表示粗鲁或不礼貌。例如：
The teacher pointed at the blackboard and said,“you must look carefully.”
老师指着黑板说：“你必须仔细地看。”
point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to 是介词，强调方向，并不是指着该
物体。例如：
他指向河对岸的房子He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said,“that’s my home.”说：“那是我的家。”
10.引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述
别人的话，叫间接引语；一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
！”
！Ha！The king isn’t wearing any clothes
A little boy pointed at the king and laughed,“Ha
11. each的用法
Each student says one sentence. 每个学生说一句话。
Each后面接名词，表示“每个……”，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
Each student has a pen.
Each of them后可接动词的单数或复数形式。例如：
Each of them are/is here.他们每个人都在这儿。
12. turn的用法
该轮到Bobby了。
（1）It’s Bobby’s turn.
turn 作名词，意为“轮流”“依次轮流的顺序”。例如:
Now it’s your turn to read the text. 现在轮到你读课文了。
It's my turn to use the bike. 该轮到我用自行车了。
（2）He turned into the prince. 他变成了王子。
Turn作动词，意为“转变”，“变成”。
turn into变成
Water turns into ice. 水变成了冰。
turn ... into ... (使……）成为……
The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields. 农民们把荒地变成了稻田。
13.start doing sth＝begin doing sth 开始做某事（5下U8）
14. by的用法
（1）by+地点名词。表方位，意为：“在…旁边”。如：by the lake/river/tree/window/door等。例如：
A boy is sitting by the lake. 有个男孩正坐在湖边。
多与动词go/walk/pass等连用。例如：
有时可表示“从…旁经过”，
One day, an old man walked by the house. 有一天，一个老人从房子旁边走过。
（2）by+交通工具、交通方式名词时，名词前不加冠词，且名词不变复数，意为“通过；由；乘”，
如：by train等。例如：
He usually goes there by bus. 他通常是坐公交车去那里的。
Why not go by train? 为什么不坐火车去？
6上Unit 2 What a day!
复习数词和介词的用法
1. 询问天气：How is the weather today? = What is the weather like today?
回答: It’s cloudy/ windy/rainy/snowy/ sunny/foggy.
询问天气：How was the weather yesterday? = What was the weather like yesterday?
回答: It was cloudy/ windy/rainy/snowy/ sunny/foggy.
2.表示天气的句型：It be + 形容词
注意词形变化：表示天气的形容词，一般情况下在名词后加y
名词形容词
sun sunny
wind windy
Cloud(s) cloudy
放假2020安排时间表rain rainy
snow(雪) snowy（下雪的）
fog（雾）foggy(多雾的)
storm(暴风雨) stormy(暴风雨的)
注意比较：It was cloudy yesterday. There were a lot of clouds in the sky yesterday.
It was rainy yesterday. There was a lot of rain yesterday. It rained yesterday.
It was snowy yesterday. There was a lot of snow yesterday. It snowed yesterday.
★★rain（v&n），rainy（adj）的用法
（1）. There is a lot of rain in spring. (不可数名词，雨水)
（2）. It often rains in spring. （动词，下雨，一般现在时）
It rained yesterday. （动词，下雨，一般过去时）
It is raining now. （动词，下雨，现在进行时）
（3）. It is rainy today. （形容词，多雨的）
It was rainy two days ago. （形容词，多雨的）
▲语法知识补充：形容词的用法
①形容词可以修饰名词，一般放在名词前面
例句：It’s a sunny morning
②形容词用于系动词（be/become/get/look/smell/sound/taste/feel等）的后面，用来说明主语的特征例句：It was rainy yesterday创造营2020排名
You look sad.
In autumn, the days get shorter.
③描述过去天气的句型：It was + 表示天气的形容词
④形容词和副词连用，由于副词的强调作用，所表达的意思更深一层
例句：The jacket is too small for me
3.Su Hai, Mike, Liu Tao and I went to the park by bike
by “乘坐”是表示一种方式，是状语，前面一定要有动词
骑自行车去公园go to the park by bike= ride a bike to the park
乘公交车去上学go to school by bus = take a bus to school
步行去学校go to school on foot = walk to school
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