大学英语四级选词填空
大学英语四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5
It’s the first question parents ask when their child is diagnosed with autism. Will his future brothers or sisters have a higher risk of 36 it, too?
According to the largest study of siblings（兄弟妹）in families with autism, the answer is yes. Among 664 children who had at least one older sibling with the development disorder, the 37 risk of autism was nearly 19%, 38 higher than previous sibling-recurrence estimates that were anywhere from 3% to 10%. Kids with more than one older autistic sibling had an even higher risk of the disorder: 32%.
The 39 suggest that genes play a key role in autism risk. But they also hint that other environmental factors 40 by siblings, like influences in the womb（子宫）, may be important as well.台式机装mac系统
On the 41 of the findings, the researchers recommend that doctors closely 42 younger siblings of autistic children to pick up any early signs of the disorder, 43 an unusually large head or delayed language development and communication skills. Evidence suggests that early 44 and diagnosis of autism can help children take advantage of therapies that can treat some of its 45 .
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average basis common consequently detection developing distributed dramatically including monitor reason results shared symbols symptoms
自闭症
当家里的一个孩子被诊断患有自闭症的时候，父母问的第一个问题就是：他未来的弟弟妹妹们患自闭症的风险是不是也会更大？
根据规模最大的一次对有患有自闭症的孩子的家庭中兄弟妹的研究发现，该问题的答案是肯定的。在664个家里至少有一个哥哥或患有发育障碍症的儿童中，他们患上自闭症的平均风险为将近19%，兄弟妹重复患病率明显高于之前的预测值——3%到10%。如果不止一个哥哥或患有自闭症的话，这样的孩子患病的几率甚至更高，达32%。
研究结果显示基因是患有自闭症的重要因素。但是结果也指出兄弟妹间共同的其他环境因素也起着很重要的作用，比如在子宫中受到的影响。
基于研究发现，研究者们建议医生严密监控自闭症儿童的弟弟妹妹，以便发现障碍症的任何早期迹象，包括头部异常偏大、语言功能和交流技能发展迟缓。有证据表明，自闭症的尽早发现和确诊可以有助于孩子们接受，医治自闭症的某些症状。
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名词：basis基础detection发现侦察reason原因
results结果symbols象征标志symptoms症状
预防新型冠状手抄报内容
动词：developing得病发展distributed分配including包括monitor监测shared共享形容词：average平均的common共有的普通的
副词：consequently所以因此dramatically大幅度地引人注目地
KEY
developing average dramatically results shared
basis monitor including detection symptoms
Salt Intake and Disease 大学英语四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5
Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall salt.
A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, Stanford University
and Columbia University shows that even a 36 decrease in daily salt intake（摄入）can lead to dramatic health benefits. The authors 37 an annual drop of as many as 120 000 cases of heart disease, 66 000 38 of stroke and 99 000 heart attacks 39 by high blood pressure after a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt.
The advantages, not surprisingly, were greater for African Americans, who are more likely to 40 high blood pressure than other ethnic groups, and for the elderly, since blood vessels stiffen（硬化）with age, which can lead to higher blood pressure.
“Everyone in the US is consuming sa lt for in 41 of what is good for them,” says lead author Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of UCSF. “What we are suggesting is that a population-wide effort to reduce salt intake, even 42 , will have health benefits.”
The team conducted a computer-based analysis to determine the 43 of a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death. They also calculated the cost savings emerging from the amount of disease that would be 44 because of lower blood pressure. The conclusion, by cutting salt intake nationwide, the US could save billion to billion 45 in health care costs.
二级伤残
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accidents annually avoided caused considerable develop documented dramatically excess impact instances modest revised slightly undertake
食盐摄入量和疾病
当你刚刚解决如何处理饮食中的脂肪时，研究人员们现在正在就另一日常用餐陷阱盐——发出警示。
一项由加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校、斯坦福大学以及哥伦比亚大学的科研人员所做的研究显示，即使食盐日摄入量降低程度不太大仍然会给健康带来巨大的好处。发起者记录下来借助每天减少3克盐的摄入量多带来的年度下降数据，其中包含120 000份心脏疾病案例、66 000例中风和99 000例由高血压所导致的心脏病。取什么名字
不出所料，非洲裔美国人和老年人获益更多，因为前者比其他种族的人更容易患高血压，后者随着年龄的增长，其血管会硬化进而导致高血压。
“在美国，每一个人都在消耗远超过自己正常需求量的食盐。”该研究的领头发起人，即来自加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo 博士说道。“我们的建议是，全民做出努力去减少食盐的摄入量，即使是轻微的减少，也都将会给健康带来益处。”
该团队通过实施一项基于计算机的分析来确定每日食盐摄入量减少3克对于心脏疾病发病率和死亡率的影响。他们还计算出由于血压降低而避免的疾病数量所节约的成本。结论是：通过全国范围内减少食盐摄入量，美国每年在健康护理开支方面可以节约100～240亿美元。
名词：accidents事故excess超过超额量impact影响instance例子实例
动词：avoided避免caused导致develop得病发展
documented记录revised修订校正undertake承担从事
形容词：considerable相当大的modest不太大的谦虚的
副词：annually每年年度地dramatically戏剧性地引人注目地slightly轻微地稍微地
KEY
modest documented instances caused develop
excess slightly impact avoided annually
Nursing Shortage and Fast-track 四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5
What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate’s degree or four-year bachelor’s degree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36 , a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing “fast-track programs” that enable
college graduates with no nursing 37 to become registered nurses with only a year or so of 38 training.
In 1991, there were only 40 fast-track curricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is Columbia University’s Entry to Practice program. Students earn their bachelor of science in nursing in a year. Those who stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master’s degree that 40 them as nurse practitioners or clinical nurse specialists.
Many students are recent 41 ; others are career switchers. Rudy Guardroom, 32, a 2004 graduate of Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical research company. At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner. “I saw that nurses were in high 43 and it looked like a really good opportunity,” he says. “Also, I didn’t want to be in school for that long.”
The fast-track trend fills a need, but it’s also creating some 44 between newcomers and veterans. “N
urses that are still at the bedside 45 these kids with suspicion,” says Linda Pellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. “They wonder, how can they do it quicker?” The answer is they don’t.
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additional applied demand excessive experience explore graduates operations promote qualifies specialized tension trained view worsen
护士短缺和快速通道
怎样才能成为一名训练有素的护士呢？在过去，答案是通过两年的专科学习或者四年的本科学习。但是，随着护士短缺情况加剧，越来越多的学校和医院建立了“快速通道项目”，这使没有护理经验的大学生仅通过一年左右的专门训练就能成为注册护士。
1941年，只有40个快速通道课程，而现在则以超过200多个，哥伦比亚大学的“时间入门”项目就是典型代表。学生用一年的时间就能获得护理学学士学位；而那些留校继续再读两年的学生就能获得硕士学位，有资格成为执业护士或者临床护理专家。
参加“快速通道项目”的很多学生是刚毕业的大学生，也有工作后想要转行的人。Rudy Guardroom，32
岁，是哥伦比亚大学此项目2004年的毕业生。他原本在大学是医学院预科学生，后来在一家医药研发公司工作。他在哥伦比亚大学受训成为一名执业护士。“我意识到护士的需求量很大，这看起来是个很好的机会。”他说，“而且，我不想在学校待那么长时间。”
快速通道的趋向填补了护士短缺的需求，但是也造成了新老护士之间的紧张气氛。“那些还守在病床边的护士带着怀疑的态度看待这些新人,”在耶鲁大学教授护理学已有18年之久的Linda Pellico说，“他们想知道，这些人怎么能走捷径成为执业护士呢?”答案是他们没有。
名词：demand需求要求experience经验经历graduates毕业生
operations行动手术tension紧张或者紧张的关系view观点看法景
中国十大女装动词：applied适用应用demand需求需要experience经历体验explores探讨探究graduates大学毕业promote促进提升qualifies使有资格取得资格
specialized专门研究专门从事trained训练培训view看待观看worsen恶化变得更差形容词：additional附加的另外的applied应用的excessive过多的过度的specialized专门的worsen experience specialized additional qualifies
graduates trained demand tension view
Female’s Progress in Science英语四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5
To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science-starting with Ern est Lawrence’s
invention of the cyclotron（回旋加速器）in 1931. A generation ago, female faces were 37 and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of Le Conte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of them white males.
But climb up to the third floor and you’ll see a 40 display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students are portraits of 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42 everything from mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they’re still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43 may be at the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country’s top universities. That makes Shapiro optimist ic, but also 44 . “I believe things are getting better,” she says, “but they’re not getting better as 45 as I would like.”
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circumstance confidence covers current deals different exposing fast honoring hope presently rare realistic site virtually
女性在科学上的进步
想要了解女性在科学上取得了怎样的进步，就快速地去逛一下加利福尼亚大学分校的物理系吧。这是一个很有名的地方，是现代科学一些最重要的发现的诞生地——最早的是1931年Ernest Lawrence发明的回旋加速器。上一代的时候，女性的面孔还很少见。即便是现在，游客走过勒孔特大厅一楼后，会看到整个走廊的展览品都是纪念这些在此创造历史的著名物理学家，而他们几乎都是白人男性。
但走上三楼，你会看到一个不一样的展览。在那里展出的在职教职工和学生的照片中，有现任系主任Marjorie Shapiro女士和另外四位女士，她们的研究从宇宙力学到物质的最小粒子，可谓是无所不包。就在两周前，系里刚刚聘请了第六位女性。尽管她们只占物理系教职工的10%，但很明显女性已不可小觑。真正的希望也许在右边那些小一点的照片中：研究生和本科生，他们中约有20%是女性，每年，伯克利分校都将它刚毕业的女物理博士生送往全国顶尖大学。对此，Shapiro的态度很乐观也很现实，她说：“我认为事情正在好转，但是并没有像我希望的那样快。”
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名词：circumstance情况情形confidence信心covers覆盖物遮盖物
deals协议hopes希望site场所地点
动词：covers覆盖包含deals处理涉及exposing揭露揭发
honoring纪念hope希望site为什么选址
形容词：current当前的different不同的fast快的迅速的rare稀少的realistic现实的实际的副词：fast快速地presently目前不久virtually几乎事实上
KEY
site rare honoring virtually different
塑料种类
current covers hope realistic fast
413123 Mobile Phone 大学英语四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5 The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their
36 out to mobile-phone users in a big way. There are 2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide, a 37 that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet
spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks last year 38 to just $ 1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $ 424 billion global ad market.
But as the number of eyeballs glued to 39 screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone’s value as a pocket billboard. Consumers are 40 using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and 41 the Internet. By 2010, 70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV program on mobile phone. All of these activities give advertisers 42 options for reaching audiences. During soccer’s World Cup last summer, for example, Adidas use d real-time scores and games to 43 thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. “Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25,” says Marcus Spurrell, Adidas regional member for Asia. “Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket-you just can’t 44 cell phones as an advertising tool.” Mobile-phone marketing has becoming as 45    a platform as TV, online or print.
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accessing amounted approaching attract casual characters fresh ignore increasing messages patiently tiny total violated vital
手机
如今手机是人们广泛使用的一种神奇设备。虽然自第一条商用手机网络建立至今已近30年，但广告商们还没有想出如何将他们的信息大规模地传达给手机用户。世界上有22亿手机用户，并且这一用户总数还在以每年25%的速度增长。但是全球去年在手机网络上的广告费用总计仅为15亿美元，只占全球广告市场4240亿美元总份额的一小部分。
但眼睛盯着微小屏幕的人数大大增加，作为“口袋广告牌”的手机价值也在增加。除了通话服务之外，消费者越来越多地用手机做其他事情，如发短信，下载歌曲和游戏以及上网。预计到2010年，亚洲7 000万人将在手机上看视频和电视节目。这些都赋予了广告商们接触观众的新选择。例如：去年夏天的足球世界杯期间，阿迪达斯公司就通过实时比分和实况比赛将数以千计的球迷吸引到了一个手机客户端网站。“我们的目标观众主要是17岁到25岁之间的男性。”阿迪达斯亚洲区负责人Marcus Spurrell表示。“他们的手机一直开机，并且总是随身携带。你无法忽视手机作为广告宣传工具的作用。”手机已经跟电视、网络和印刷品一样成为了极为重要的营销平台。
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名词：characters角messages信息total总数总量
动词：accessing取得获取amounted总计达到approaching接近靠近
attract吸引ignore忽视total总数为共计violated违背违反
形容词：casual临时的fresh新的新颖的tiny微小的极小的
total完全的彻底的vital极其重要的必不可少的
副词：increasingly不断增加地越来愈多地patiently耐心地
KEY
messages total amounted tiny increasingly
accessing fresh attract ignore vital
Brazilians Cannot Read 大学英语四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5
Many Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterat
e. Many 36 do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The 37 Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year, less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries. Argentines, their neighbors, 38 18th.

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