大学英语四级综合-简答(二)
(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、
百度种子
(总题数：5，分数：50.00)
百度种子
(总题数：5，分数：50.00)
The Internet is the world's largest group of cooperating computer networks. All the computers on the more than 100,000 networks that comprise the lnternet voluntarily use the same technical standards for their network date so that any of the computers on any of the networks can exchange messages with any other. Each message sent is broken up into small chunks of roughly uniform (相同的) size, called packets; each packet is sent along to its destination. If a packer's destination is on a different network from its origin, the packet is switched from network to network until it reaches its destination. The destination computer reassembles incoming packets into the desired message. The "packet switched" design has let the Internet grow from its original two networks to its current size and beyond withou
2022年中秋放假安排时间表t any fundamental changes in the way that it works.
The Internet's origins date from the late 1960s. During the 1980s, many new networks connected to the growing Interact-including both academic networks and the commercial networks. In 1996, Microsoft's Explorer challenged Netscape's dominance as Microsoft aggressively released new versions at no charge. Most Interact growth since 1994 has been centered around the Web, which has adopted or made obsolete (废弃的) most of the older serves other than e-mail. The Web easier is far to use than previous Net services, since it combines graphics with text and requires little typing; most actions are clicks of the mouse.
（分数：10.00）
The Internet's origins date from the late 1960s. During the 1980s, many new networks connected to the growing Interact-including both academic networks and the commercial networks. In 1996, Microsoft's Explorer challenged Netscape's dominance as Microsoft aggressively released new versions at no charge. Most Interact growth since 1994 has been centered around the Web, which has adopted or made obsolete (废弃的) most of the older serves other than e-mail. The Web easier is far to use than previous Net services, since it combines graphics with text and requires little typing; most actions are clicks of the mouse.
（分数：10.00）
(1).One computer exchanges messages with other computers through______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：the Internet）
解析：[解析] 细节题。由…on the more than 100，000 networks that comprise the Internet…可知，计算机间的信息交流是通过互联网完成。因此，由第一段关于信息交换过程的介绍也可得出本题答案。
·comprise意为“包含”，惯用用法为：be comprised of(由…组成)，例如：The committee comprises five persons．该委员会由五人组成。
·comprise意为“包含”，惯用用法为：be comprised of(由…组成)，例如：The committee comprises five persons．该委员会由五人组成。
(2).What's the definition of Packet?（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：The small unit broken up from a computer message）
解析：[解析] 细节题。文章在介绍计算机信息交换中提到Each message sent is broken up into small chunks of roughly uniform size，called packets，由此可以得出Packet的定义。
(3).When did the idea of Intemet come into being?（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：The late 1960s）
工商银行信用卡额度
解析：[解析] 细节题。第二段一句话说The Internet’s origins date from the late 1960s，由此可知，互联网的概念到19世纪后期才成型。
(4).Microsoft Explorer challenged Netscape's dominance by______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：putting new versions into the market for free）
解析：[解析] 细节题。由最后一段中的…released new versions at no charge可以得到解答本题的信息点。
(5).What's the character of Interact since 1994?（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：The development of most Internet is Wed-oriented）
解析：[解析] 推断题。结合文章中的关键句Most Internet growth since 1994 has been centered around the Web可概括出1994年以后互联网的特点。gongjijin
In recent years, many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive.
Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is tree. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it.
Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories, the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his li
Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is tree. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it.
Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories, the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his li
ne. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither Want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
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To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither Want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
（分数：10.00）
(1).What will make a worker enjoy his life?（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：More varied jobs）
解析：[解析] 细节题。文章第二段第三句指出，有证据表明，尽管工作的多样化会使工人生活得愉快，但它并不能使工人更努力地工作。由此可知，多样化的工作能使工人生活得
愉快。
·be faced with意为“面临”，face作及物动词时，也有面临、面对之意，近义短语有：in the face of(不顾…，面对…)，face up to sth．(勇敢地承认或处理令人不快或困难的事)，be confronted with(面临，面对)。
·be faced with意为“面临”，face作及物动词时，也有面临、面对之意，近义短语有：in the face of(不顾…，面对…)，face up to sth．(勇敢地承认或处理令人不快或困难的事)，be confronted with(面临，面对)。
(2).In a modern factory with its complicated machinery, a worker is required______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：to work in a fixed way）
解析：[解析] 推断题。文章第三段第二句指出，有复杂机械的现代化工厂很难为工人提供以自己的方式工作的自由，因为复杂的机械必须以固定的方式使用。由此可以推断，这样的工厂要求工人以固定的方式完成工作。
(3).According to paragraph four, what plays an important role in increasing productivity?（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Degree of worker's contribution）
解析：[解析] 细节题。文章第四段指出，Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making，即提高生产率的另一重要因素是每个工人对其所生产产品的贡献程度。
关于金钱的名言(4).Greater degree of worker contribution results from______.（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：smaller production lines）
解析：[解析] 细节题。文章第四段第三句指出Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one，so that…，由此可知，工人的贡献程度可通过小型生产线提高。
(5).As far as the workers are concerned, perhaps the preferable thing is______.（分数：2.00）如何当好中层干部
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：making the jobs less boring）
解析：[解析] 细节题。文章最后一句指出，如果能使工人的工作更加有趣，他们就不会要求增加工资。由此可知，工人宁愿有更做趣的工作。
Do women talk more than men? Do men talk in the same way as women? According to the latest research from the United States of America, men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to communicate. Professor Deborah Tannen, of Georgetown University, has noticed differences in the style of boys' and girls' conversations from an early age. She says that little girls' conversation is less definite than boys' and expresses more doubts. Little boys use conversation to establish status with their listeners.
These differences continue into adult life, she says. In public conversations men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in equal amounts-although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, fur women, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy (亲密). For men, private talking is a way to explore the power structure of a relationship.
Teaching is one job where the differences between men's and women's ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. He used his language to s
These differences continue into adult life, she says. In public conversations men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in equal amounts-although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, fur women, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy (亲密). For men, private talking is a way to explore the power structure of a relationship.
Teaching is one job where the differences between men's and women's ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. He used his language to s
how this. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely to take a sharing approach and to encourage her student to join in.
But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they achieve power by being able to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor Tannen says women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy(亲密) and help to establish a relationship. Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is preprogrammed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely that the brain must have a sexual bias in its programming; otherwise, male speech patterns would not arise at all.
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But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they achieve power by being able to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor Tannen says women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy(亲密) and help to establish a relationship. Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is preprogrammed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely that the brain must have a sexual bias in its programming; otherwise, male speech patterns would not arise at all.
（分数：10.00）
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