脱落酸长距离运输的生物学意义和分子机制解析
脱落酸长距离运输的生物学意义和分子机制解析
鹏,张国华,胡彬华,李仕贵*
(四川农业大学水稻研究所,成都
611130)
摘要:【目的】水稻灌浆期高温严重影响其产量和品质,解析温度影响灌浆的分子机制,对保障水稻高产和优质意义重大。【方法】利用水稻中一份温度敏感的灌浆缺陷突变体dg1,结合遗传、生理、生化和3H-ABA feeding 等技术方法,解析温度影响水稻灌浆的分子机制。【结果】我们克隆了一个调控水稻籽粒灌浆的关键基因DG1。DG1编码一个MATE 转运蛋白,该蛋白具有外排脱落酸(abscisic acid ,ABS )活性,在节和小花轴参与调控叶片到颖果的ABA 长距离运输。高温通过诱导DG1高表达促进叶片到颖果的ABA 长距离转运,该长距离转运的ABA 诱导淀粉合成关键基因表达,从而确保高温下水稻籽粒正常灌浆。相关研究成果以“Leaf-derived ABA regulates rice seed development via a transporter-mediated and temperature-sensitive mechanism ”为题于2021年1月发表在国际期刊Science Advances (10.1126/sciadv.abc8873)。【结论】该成果揭示了DG1通过调控叶片到颖果ABA 长距离运输确保高
温下种子正常发育的分子机制。关键词:水稻;MATE 转运蛋白;脱落酸;长距离运输;温度响应中图分类号:S511
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1000-2650(2021)01-0001-03
Revealing the Biological Significance and Molecular Mechanism of
Abscisic Acid Long-Distance Transport in Plants
QIN Peng ,ZHANG Guohua ,HU Binhua ,LI Shigui *
(Rice Research Institute ,Sichuan Agricultural University ,Chengdu 611130,China )
Abstract:【Objective 】Rice is easy to encounter to high temperature during grain filling period in sum -mer ,that seriously affects rice yield and quality.It is of great significance for ensuring high yield and good quality of rice to reveal the molecular mechanism of rice grain filling affected by temperature.【Method 】We take advantage of a rice temperature-sensitively defective grain-filling mutant ,named dg1(defective grain-filling 1)coupling with genetic ,physiological ,biochemical an
d 3H-ABA feeding meth -ods ,to analyze the molecular mechanism of rice grain filling affected by temperature.【Result 】We clone
a key gene which regulates rice grain filling.DG1encodes a MATE transporter which has abscisic acid (ABS )efflux activity ,and regulates the leaf-to-caryopsis ABA long distance transport at node and rachilla.Higher temperature promotes the leaf-to-caryopsis ABA transport efficiency by inducing the ex -pression level of DG1.Such long-distance transported ABA ensure normal grain filling at high tempera -ture by inducing the expression of several key genes involved in starch synthesis.【Conclusion 】Published
on Science Advances in January 2021with the title "Leaf-derived ABA regulates rice seed develop -ment via a transporter-mediated and temperature-sensitive mechanism"(10.1126/sciadv.abc8873)This result reveals the molecular mechanism that DG1ensures normal grain filling at higher temperature by
第39卷第1期2021年2月插座符号
收稿日期:2021-01-27
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31771759,31771760);科技部项目(2016ZX08001-003-005)。作者简介:钦鹏,博士,教授,主要从事高温影响水稻灌浆结实的分子机制、优异等位基因挖掘和应用研究,E-mail :qinpeng @sicau.edu ;李仕贵,博士,教授,主要从事控制水稻主要农艺性状分子机制的解析、优异等位基因挖掘和应用研究,E-mail :****************** 。
四川农业大学学报
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
doi :10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.01.001
科学新闻
第39卷
四川农业大学学报水稻是全世界一半以上人口的主食,其产量直接影响世界粮食安全。随着全球气候变暖,每年因温度升高造成世界水稻产量损失达到25%以上[1-2]。水稻灌浆期极易遭遇夏季高温危害,导致减产甚至绝收。解析高温影响水稻灌浆的分子机制,对培育耐高温水稻新品种,确保水稻高产和优质具有重要意义。
脱落酸(abscisic acid ,ABA )作为调控植物生长发育和逆境胁迫反应的重要植物激素,其组织间的长距离转运现象早在半个世纪前被发现[3]。在近半个世纪内,ABA 长距离运输在多个物种中进行了广泛的研究[4-8],但由于缺乏直接的遗传学材料,其长距离转运的生物学意义至今仍未有明确定论。在调控ABA 长距离转运的分子机制方面,尽管在拟南芥和水稻中克隆了几个参与ABA 细胞水平转运的蛋白[9-13],但ABA 长距离转运的分子机制目前完全不清楚。
笔者8年前在杂交稻骨干亲本蜀恢527的
EMS 诱变突变体库中获得一份水稻籽粒灌浆缺陷突变体,命名为dg1(defective grain-filling 1)。与野生型相比,该突变体表现为灌浆时间延长27d ,并有24.68%种子不能完全填充(图1)。基因定位发现LOC_Os03g12790基因中的一个导致蛋白提前终止的单碱基突变与表型完全连锁。该基因编码一个MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion )转运蛋白,基因敲除和互补实验表明该MATE 转运蛋白的突变导致了突变体dg1籽粒灌浆缺陷表型。由于拟南芥ABA 合成缺陷突变体表现出与dg1类似的种子发育缺陷表型,因此推测DG1蛋白转运底物为ABA 。笔者首先利用非洲爪蟾卵母细胞系统和3H-ABA 在水稻原生质体转运系统证实了DG1蛋白具有外排ABA 活性。亚细胞定位发现DG1主要定位在细胞膜上,该结果再次支持DG1具有外排ABA 活性的结论。
为确认dg1灌浆缺陷是否由于颖果中ABA 含
WT :野生型;FFS :充分灌浆种子;IFS :灌浆不完全种子。
WT :wild type ;FFS :fully filled seeds ;IFS :incompletely filled seeds.
图1
dg1突变体种子灌浆缺陷表型
Figure 1
The defective grain filling phenotype of
dg1
量降低导致,笔者测定了野生型和dg1突变体颖
果,以及同时期茎秆和叶片中的ABA 含量,发现与野生型相比,dg1颖果中ABA 含量显著低于野生型,但叶片和茎秆中的ABA 含量却高于野生型。基于此结果,笔者大胆推测颖果中的ABA 主要来源于叶片。为了验证该猜想,笔者测定了ABA 合成前体,发现绝大多数ABA 合成前体位于叶片中,并且含量在野生型和dg1无明显差异;结合了叶片3H-ABA feeding 实验,发现到达dg1颖果和茎秆的3H-ABA 比例显著低于野生型;利用免疫荧光实验分析了DG1在节中的表达位置,发现了DG1主要位于扩大维管束和扩散维管束间的薄壁细胞特异表达,该类细胞对影响物质从叶片到颖果的长距离转运具有重要作用。综上,笔者从遗传学、生理学、组织细胞学角度揭示了水稻颖果中多数ABA 来源于叶
片,阐明了该长距离转运受DG1调控的分子机制。
同时笔者意外发现高温下dg1具有更强的灌浆缺陷表型。通过可控温度下的遗传表型,表达量分析和茎秆3H-ABA feeding 等实验,确认了高温度下dg1灌浆缺陷表型更明显;发现了高温下野生型与dg1颖果中的3H-ABA 比例的差异远高于温和温度下二者的差异。另外,一系列表达分析实验发现ABA 可激活多个淀粉合成关键基因的表达,从而促进水稻籽粒灌浆充实。
综上所述,该研究阐明了水稻拥有一套从叶片到颖果的ABA 长距离转运系统,揭示了MATE 转运蛋白DG1调控该系统的分子机制,明确了ABA 长距离运输响应温度从而确保不同温度下种子正常发育的生
聊的拼音物学意义(图2)。
regulating leaf-to-caryopsis ABA long-distance transport.
Keywords:rice ;MATE transporter ;abscisic acid ;grain filling ;temperature response 2
钦鹏,等:ABA 长距离运输的生物学意义和分子机制解析
第1期参考文献院
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[8][9][10][11][12][13]DG1首先将叶片合成的ABA 转运到叶片韧皮部,然后ABA 随着蒸腾流到达节的扩大维管束,被未知的转运蛋白将ABA
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图2DG1蛋白调控水稻ABA 长距离运输及颖果发育模式图
Figure 2
A model illustrating the function of leaf-derived ABA in regulating seed development by DG1in rice
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