中国象棋规则中英⽂详解
2018-01-07译匠
中国象棋是起源于中国的⼀种棋戏，属于⼆⼈对抗性游戏的⼀种，在中国有着悠久的历史。由于⽤具简单，趣味性强，成为流⾏极为⼴泛的棋艺活动。
中国象棋是中华民族的⽂化瑰宝，它源远流长，趣味浓厚，基本规则简明易懂，千百年来长盛不衰。中国象棋是模拟的古代战争、直线战争、陆地战争、平⾯战争。在中国古代，象棋被列为⼠⼤夫们的修⾝之艺。现在，则被视为是怡神益智的⼀种有益⾝⼼的活动。象棋集⽂化、科学、艺术、竞技于⼀⾝，不但可以开发智⼒，启迪思维，锻炼辨证分析能⼒和培养顽强的意志，⽽且可以修⼼养性，陶冶情操，丰富⽂化⽣活，深受⼴⼤众的喜爱。
今天主要介绍⼀些中国象棋的基本规则和中英⽂术语表达。
Chinese chess中国象棋
Rooks (or chariots) 车
Knights (or horses) 马
Elephants (or bishops or ministers) 象/相
Mandarins (or advisors or assistants or guards) ⼠/仕
春望 唐 杜甫手机游戏怎么安装King (or generals) 将/帅
Cannons 炮
Pawns (or soldiers) 卒/兵
CXQ Chinese Chess Basic Rules中国象棋基本规则
One can move the pieces according to the following rules:
⾏棋规则：
The King moves only one space at a time, either horizontally or vertically. Further more, the King must always stay within the palace, which is a square marked with an X.
将（帅）：⼀次⾛⼀格，可以横向⾛，也可以纵向⾛，但不能离开九宫。
The Guards (Advisor) move only one space at a time diagonally. Similar to the King, the guards must stay within the palace.
⼠（仕）：⼀次斜向⾛⼀格，和将（帅）相似，也不能离开九宫。
The Ministers (Elephants) move two spaces at a time diagonally (i.e. 2 spaces left/right and 2
关于教师节的歌曲spaces up/down in a move). They must stay within their own side of the river. If there is a piece midway between the original and final intended position of a minister, the minister is blocked and the move is not allowed.
象（相）：⼀次斜向⾛两格（即向左或右横向⾛两格以后再向上或向下纵向⾛两格）。象（相）不能过河。如果象的原始位置与终点位置之间的中⼼点上有⼀颗棋⼦，则叫做塞象眼，这时象不能飞到⽬标点。
The Rooks (Cars) move one or more spaces horizontally or vertically provided that all positions between the original and final positions are empty.
车：⾛直线，可以横向或纵向⾛⼀格或多格，只要起始位置与终点位置之间没有其他棋⼦阻拦。
The Knights (Horses) move two spaces horizontally and one space vertically (or respectively 2 spaces vertically and one space horizontally). If there is a piece next to the horse in the horizontal (vertical) direction, the horse is blocked and the move is not allowed.
马：先横向⾛两格，再纵向⾛⼀格（或先纵向⾛两格，再横向⾛⼀格）。如果先⾛的两格⾥有⼀颗棋⼦紧挨着马，则叫做别马脚，这时马不能跳到⽬标点。
The Cannons move one or more spaces horizontally or vertically like a Rook. However, in a capture move, there must be exactly one non-empty space in between the original and final position. In a non-capture move, all spaces in between must be empty。
炮：和车⼀样，可以横向或纵向⾛⼀格或多格。但是，炮在吃对⽅棋⼦的时候，炮的起始位置与终点位置之间必须有⼀颗棋⼦。不吃⼦的时候，炮的起始位置与终点位置之间不能有棋⼦阻拦。
The Pawns (or Soldiers) move one space at a time. If a pawn does not cross the river yet, it can only move forward vertically. Once crossing the river, the pawn can also move horizontally.
雪绒花中文歌词兵（卒）：⼀次⾛⼀格。兵（卒）在没有过河之前，每次只能向前⾛⼀格。过了河以后，兵（卒）除了可以向前⾛⼀格以外，还可以向左或向右横向⾛⼀格。
Capture: When a piece moves to a position currently held by an opponent's piece, it captures that opponent's piece. The captured piece is removed from the board.
吃⼦：棋⼦⾛动⼀步，如果结点上刚好有对⽅的⼀颗棋⼦，则可以吃掉对⽅的棋⼦。吃掉的棋⼦要从棋盘上拿⾛。
King's line of sight: The two Kings in the board must never be on the same file (vertical line) without any pieces in between them. A move that puts the two Kings in such a setting is illegal.将（帅）对⾯：将和帅不能位于同⼀条纵向的直线上且将帅之间没有其他棋⼦⽽直接对⾯。如果⼀⽅⾏棋以后将帅直接对⾯了，则这步棋为不允许着法。
King safety: One must never leave the King to be captured by the opponent in the next move. Any moves that put the King in such a setting is illegal.
应将：当⼀⽅下⼀步可以吃掉对⽅的将（帅）时，象棋术语叫做“将军”。当⼀⽅被将军时必须应将，即不能让对⽅下⼀步棋吃掉⼰⽅的将（帅）。
End game condition: The game ends when one of the following situations happens:
终局：出现下列情况之⼀即结束棋局：
Checkmate: If one threatens to capture the opponent's King and the opponent has no way to resolve the threat, one wins.
将死：如果第⼀⽅在将军，⽽对⽅⽆法解将，则第⼀⽅胜。
Stalemate: If one does not have any valid move, one loses.
困毙：当⼀⽅⽆⼦可⾛，则困毙输棋。
Terminology: To make the rules precise, the following terms are used:
象棋术语：
Check: A move of any piece that causes the opponent's King to be threatened with capture in the next move.
将军：⼀⽅下⼀步即要吃掉对⽅的将（帅）。
Same type sacrifice/trade: A piece moves to a position where it can capture an opponent's piece of the same type in such a way that the opponent piece can also capture it in the next move.
兑⼦：⼀⽅⾛⼀步棋后可以吃对⽅相同的⼀颗棋⼦，⽽对⽅下⼀着也可以吃掉这颗棋⼦。
Chase: A piece moves to a position where it can capture an opponent's piece, which is not the King, in the next move. It is also a chase when a piece moves and results in a cannon attacking an opponent's piece. There are a few exceptions:
捉：⼀⽅⾏棋以后，下⼀步即可吃对⽅除将（帅）以后的⼀颗棋⼦。如果⼀⽅⾏棋以后，使炮攻击到了对⽅的棋⼦，也称之为捉。但下列情况除外：
It is not a chase when a King or a Pawn threatens to capture any piece.
将（帅）或兵（卒）要吃对⽅的棋⼦，不能算捉。
It is not a chase to threaten to capture a Pawn when it is yet to cross the river.
要吃对⽅还没有过河的兵（卒），不能算捉。
国家法定节假日安排Same type sacrifice/trade is not a chase.
兑⼦不能算捉。
Protected: A piece is protected if there is a piece that can capture any piece that takes the protected piece. An exception is that a car is never considered protected when it is threatened by an opponent's cannon or knight.
根：如果对⽅要吃我⽅⼀颗棋⼦，⽽我⽅有棋⼦可以吃掉对⽅那颗吃棋的⼦，则我⽅的棋⼦有根。但有⼀种情况例外，当对⽅的炮或马要吃我⽅的车时，则不能说我⽅的车有根。
CXQ Automatic Drawing Rules:
⾃动判和规则：
When the game is not winnable, it is strongly recommended that both players draw the game by themselves.
如果棋局⽆法取得胜利，建议对局双⽅协议和棋。
To prevent one or both players from dragging the games for a long time, CXQ imposes the following 3 rules for automatic drawing:
为防⽌⼀⽅或双⽅拖延时间，中国象棋规则规定以下三种情况⾃动判和
工商管理专业就业方向Moves Rule: When the total number of moves made by each side reaches 300.
⾏棋规则：对局双⽅各⾃⾏棋满300步。
Effective Rule: When the total number of effective moves, moves made by each side excluding checking/chasing moves or moves to respond to checking/chasing, reaches 120.
有效规则：有效步数、不含将军与应将的步数各⽅满120步。
Progress Rule: When the total number of moves by each side since the last time a progress is made, i.e. since (1) the last capture or (2) the last advance of a pawn already crossed the river, reaches 30.
⾃然限着：最后⼀次吃⼦各⽅满30步，或过河兵（卒）最后⼀次⾏棋满30步。
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