早熟玫瑰香型葡萄新品种蜜光的选育
果树学报2021，38（4）：630-632
Journal of Fruit Science
DOI:10.13925/jki.gsxb.20200451
早熟玫瑰香型葡萄新品种蜜光的选育郭紫娟，刘长江，韩斌，李敏敏，尹勇刚，孙艳，贾楠，袁军伟，赵胜建*
（河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所，河北昌黎066600）
摘要：蜜光是由巨峰×早黑宝杂交选育出的早熟优质玫瑰香型葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形，平均单穗质量720.6g；果粒近圆形，果皮紫红，果肉中等脆，具玫瑰香味；平均单粒质量9.5g，最大单粒质量18.7g；每粒含种子2~3粒。可溶性固形物质量分数为19.5%，可滴定酸质量分数为0.49%，品质上。在昌黎地区8月上旬果实成熟。该品种生长势强，易成花，早果性及丰产性强，抗病性较强。
关键词：葡萄；新品种；蜜光；早熟；玖瑰香型
中图分类号：S663.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1009-9980(2021)04-0630-03
A new muscat flavor early-ripening table grape variety Miguang
GUO Zijuan,LIU Changjiang,HAN Bin,LI Minmin,YIN Yonggang,SUN Yan,JIA Nan,YUAN Jun-wei,ZHAO Shengjian*
(Institute of Changli Fruit Tree,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Changli066600,Hebei,China)
Abstracts:Miguang is an early-ripening table grape with muscat flavor.Artificial hybridization pollina-tion between Kyoho and Zaoheibao was done in2003at the vineyard at Institute of Changli Fruit Tree, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,and3098hybrid seeds were got in this year.The seedlings were planted in2004and began to produce fruits in2006.The original plant was selected in 2006for its good eating quality and skin color and as a line C5-4-2.From2008it was evaluated in re-gional trials under the name of C5-4-2in the districts of Luannan,Tanghai,and Changli.It was finally released as Miguang after the validation by the Committee of Hebei Cultivar Registration.The vigor of the vine is medium.The shoot tip is half open with heavy hair,distribution and intensity of anthocyanin coloration in shoot tip is medium,density of prostrate hairs on tip is heavy,and erect hairs on tip is very sparse.The upper surface of a young leaf is wine red color,while the under surface of a young leaf is Spinach Green color.Average intensity of anthocyanin coloration of three distal leaves prior to flowering is heavy.Density of prostrate hairs between veins at lower surface of4th distal unfol
ded leaf is sparse, density of prostrate hairs between veins at lower surface is absent,erect hairs on veins at lower surface is absent,prostrate hairs on veins at lower surface is very sparse.The shape of the mature leaves is pentago-nal with undulate sides,medium thickness.The blade margin is pronounced in undulation.Upper lateral sinus is open and deep,with“V”shaped.Lower lateral sinus is shallow,with“V”shaped.The petiole si-nus is slight open and“U”shaped.The teeth are open and deep with both convex and straight sides,with “V”shaped.The petiole is about9.4cm on average and shorter than the middle vein,prostrate and erect hairs on petiole are sparse.The mature branches are smooth and reddish-brown color.The flower is her-maphrodite and usually positioned at the third or fourth node.The cluster of Miguang is conical,with an average weight of720.6g,average length of16.7cm and average width of14.1cm.The cluster density is medium to tight.The berry is almost circle shaped,24.8mm in diameter and27.2mm long,and the av-erage weight is9.5g with the maximum of18.7g.The berries are uniform in shape and color,usually purplish red.The thickness of the skin is medium.The firmness of the berry is high,the flesh is juicy and 收稿日期：2020-10-30接受日期：2021-01-08
基金项目：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-29）
作者简介：郭紫娟，女，研究员，研究方向：葡萄遗传育种。Tel：139****2917，E-mail：*************
******
*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel：************，E-mail：******************
小学教师寄语，等：早熟玫瑰香型葡萄新品种蜜光的选育第4期
1选育经过
2003年以巨峰作母本、早熟品种早黑宝[3]为父本进行人工杂交。获得杂交种子3098粒，进行沙藏处理，2004年催芽播种，5月中旬定植杂交苗1293株；2006年初果并初选为优系，编号为C5-4-2；2008年复选区试；经多点试验，该优系表现早果性、丰产性强，早熟，优质，抗病。2013年12月通过河北省林木品种审定委员会审定，并命名为蜜光，审定编号为冀S-SV-VV-020-2013。2017年5月通过农业部品种保护办公室审查登记，授予植物新品种权，品种权号为CNA20140366.8。2020年1月完成了中华人民共和国农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记，登记编号为GPD葡萄（2019）130043。
2主要性状
2.1植物学特征网王之盛夏微醺
蜜光嫩梢梢尖半开张，茸毛着中，花青素条带状分布，匍匐茸毛密，直立茸毛无或极疏；幼叶酒红
，花青素着深，上表面有光泽，叶背主要叶脉间匍匐茸毛疏。成龄叶大，五角形，叶片绿，中等厚，上表面有光泽，下表面茸毛无或极疏。叶片5裂，上裂刻深，开张，基部形状V形；下裂刻基部形状V 形。叶柄洼轻度开张，基部U形。叶柄锯齿两侧直与两侧凸都有。成熟枝条光滑，红褐。两性花，花序着生位置为3~4节。
2.2果实经济性状
人与自然作文由表1可知，蜜光果穗呈圆锥形，穗质量720.6g，果粒着生较紧密，果实紫红，果穗果粒着均匀一致，在白果袋内可充分着；果粒近圆形，平均果粒质量9.5g，最大果粒质量18.7g，果粉中等厚，果皮中等厚，玫瑰香味；果肉硬而脆，可溶性固形物质量分数为19.0%，可滴定酸质量分数为0.49%；果粒附着力较强，采前不落粒；每果粒含种子2~3粒，多为2粒，百粒质量10.6g，种子与果肉易分离。鲜食品质上等。
葡萄是我国四大果树之一，但葡萄品种结构不合理，市场竞争力较差，对国外品种的依赖度高，主栽设施品种夏黑、维多利亚、粉红亚都蜜、无核白鸡心等存在果粒小、着较差、含糖低、品质差等问题；缺乏早熟、粒大、肉脆、糖高、质优的新品种；缺乏自主创新、具有自主知识产权、能够适合国内外市场的具有中国特的葡萄新品种[1]。玫瑰香型、早熟、大粒等类型的葡萄品种一直是我国葡萄育种的主攻方向[2]。针对这些现实，河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所2003年以早熟、大粒、优质、香味为目标开展杂交育种工作，历经11年培育成功了欧美杂交种早熟玫瑰香味葡萄新品种蜜光（图1）
。
图1玫瑰香型葡萄新品种蜜光
Fig.1A new table grape cultivar Miguang
crisp,with muscat flavor.The average soluble solid content is19.5%and the average titratable acid is 0.49%.The number of seeds per berry is ranged from2to3.In the Changli area,the time of budburst is usually in middle April,flowering at late May,and the fruit ripens in early to middle August.The average bearing shoot ratio was53.3%and the number of clusters in each bearing shoot was1.35.Miguang vines show good productivity with the yield of24.75tonnes per hectare.The vine is early fruiting,and easy to manage.Good resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew was stated.
Key words:Grape;New cultivar;Miguang；Early-ripening;Muscat flavor
郭紫娟631
早熟葡萄果树学报第38卷
表1蜜光与父母本及早熟对照品种亚都蜜果实性状比较
Table1Main characteristics of Miguang,its parents and Yadumi
性状Trait
穗形Cluster shape
果穗紧密度Cluster compactness
平均穗质量Bunch mass/g
果粒形状Berry shape
平均粒质量Average berry mass/g
果肉质地Flesh texture
香型Flavor
果皮颜Color of skin
w（可溶性固形物）Soluble solid content/% w（可滴定酸）Titratable acid content/%蜜光Miguang
圆锥形Cone
较紧Slight compact
720.6
近圆形Subcircular
9.5
较脆Slight crisp
玫瑰香Muscat
紫红Purple red
19.00
0.49
巨峰Kyoho
圆锥形Cone
中等紧密Medium
550.0
椭圆形Elliptic
11.0
软Soft
草莓香Strawberry
紫黑purple black
16.00
0.62
早黑宝Zaoheibao
圆锥形Cone
较紧Slight compact
540.0
椭圆形Elliptic
7.5
较脆Slight crisp
玫瑰香Muscat
黄水谣
紫红Purple red
15.00
0.56
粉红亚都蜜Yadumi
圆锥形Cone
较紧Slight compact
610.0
椭圆形Elliptic
7.7
较脆Slight crisp
无香味No flavor
紫红Purple red
15.20
毛不易盛夏
0.54
2.3生长结果习性
蜜光生长势较强，枝条成熟度高，进入结果期早，3年生666.7m2产量为1650kg。花芽分化好，每结果枝平均1.35穗；副梢的结实力强，容易结二次果，丰产性、稳产性均较强。
2.4物候期
在河北昌黎地区，4月中旬萌芽，5月下旬开花，7月上中旬果实开始着，8月上旬果实充分成熟，从萌芽至果实完全成熟需112d左右。
2.5抗逆性与栽培适应性
该品种对葡萄霜霉病、葡萄白腐病和葡萄病等具有较强抗性。抗逆性强，生长势较强，抗旱性强，根系发达，对土壤类型要求不严格，适宜在砂质土上栽植。
3栽培技术要点
3.1架式与整形
蜜光树势强，可采用V形篱架或独龙干小棚架种植。V形篱架采用株行距（0.7~1.0）m´（2.2~2.4）m，666.7m2定植278~432株；小棚架采用株行距（1.0~ 1.2）m´（3~5）m，666.7m2定植111~185株。以中短梢修剪为主。该品种副梢易萌发，应注意疏芽、抹梢和副梢摘心，以利通风透光。
3.2花果管理
蜜光生长势较强旺，花序较大，应适当疏花疏果，强壮枝和中庸枝保留1个花序，细弱枝不留花序。开花前应进行花序整形，去除基部2~3个副穗，花穗上留4枚叶片摘心。坐果后疏除密集果粒，去除小粒。果粒大花生米大小时及时套袋。
3.3肥水管理
以施用有机肥为主，根据植株生长发育状况，视土壤墒情，花前适量浇水，花期不浇水，落花后第一次生理落果结束开始浇水追肥，追肥以平衡肥为宜。着后控制肥水供应，防止裂果发生。着完成后追施钙镁肥，果实采收后及时施肥复壮树体，施基肥后灌一次透水。采果后施足基肥，666.7m2施有机肥3000~4000kg、复合肥50~100kg。
3.4病虫害防治
该品种植株抗病性较强，主要预防灰霉病、病、绿盲蝽、蓟马、螨虫等病虫害。落叶后结合冬季修剪，彻底清除枯枝落叶，春季芽绒球期用3~5mg·kg-1石硫合剂清园消毒，减少越冬病菌及虫源数量。开花前后重点防治灰霉病以及花后预防灰霉病、病、白粉病、白腐病等，防病喷药的同时加强防治绿盲蝽、蓟马、螨虫。
4综合评价
蜜光品种长势较强，投产快，花芽容易形成，适宜短梢修剪，自然坐果免激素保花，果肉质脆、大粒、浓香、高糖、品质极佳，成熟期早，丰产、稳产，抗病能力强；适宜保护地和观光采摘园种植，深受种植者和消费者欢迎，具有较好的应用前景。
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