普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
上海英语试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the presence of animals
A professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the 1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens’ home in England 21 (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients’ mental state more than the cruel therapies 22_______ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proofs 23 contact with animals to increase a sick person’s chance of survival and ha ve shown 24 (lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.
Scientists think t hat animals’companionship is beneficial 25 animals are accepting and attentive, and they don’t cri ticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.
Not only do people seem 26 (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27 heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28 (result) in a favorable environment for everyone.
Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29 company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30 in playing with animals and the presence of animals conforms them greatly.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only
The iPhone X, Apple’s new s mart phone, is equipped with facial recognition. 31 , its scanner can unlock the system. It requires no buttons to be pressed, being always ready to read your
face. Android users can expect similar 32 as well.
For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email, send a text or make a call, it will be quick, easy and pretty “cool” to use. However, as we grow 33 to the technology, we cannot become numb to the problems that come with it.
Facial recognition is already used everywhere. In China, police use the technology to identify people who jaywalk (乱穿马路). In the United State, more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can be used for criminal investigation. Governments, however, are not the only users of facial recognition. Retailers (零售商) use the technology in their stores to identify 34 shoplifters. One social media app in Russia allows strangers to find out who you are just by taking a photo of you.
However, different users of facial recognition produce different levels of accuracy. Camera distance, lighting, facial pose all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New York Police Department, for example, have 35 at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system. If the iPhone’s new system is similarly 36 , no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information. 37 , it probably won’t be. But for many of the systems elsewhere, mistakes and 38 of privacy might be unavoidable.
As the smart phone of choice for many users, the iPhone’s 39 of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere. However, even as we choose to explore the convenience facial recognition might offer, we should also be suspicious of the many ways it can be used. Facial recognition may well be 40 . Its risks need not be!
III. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is t o “do what you love.” But mastering a skill, even one t hat you deeply love, 41 a huge amount of dull work. Anyone who want to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice, 42 feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be 43 or boring. Why?
The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of “f low,”the feeling of being completely 44 in what you are doing. Whether you call it being “in the zone,” or something else, a flow state is a special experience. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the 45 of flow in the 1970’s, it has been a mainstay of positive-psychology research. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at a(n) 46 skill level, and where the individual is able to 47 their performance to clear and immediate feedback.
Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most 48 entered into flow states had an “auto telic personality (自带目的性人格)” a disposition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges. They are also 49 and have low levels
of self-centeredness. Such people, with their capacity for “disinterested int ere st” have a great50 over others in developing their innate abilities.
Fortunately for those of us who aren’t 51 blessed with an autotelic personalily, there is evidence that flow states can be 52 by environmental factors. 53 , the learning framework prescribed by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states.
While there isn’t (yet) a pill that can turn mundane practice into a thrilling activity for anyone, it is heartening that we seem, at least to some 54 , to be able to nudge ourselves toward flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimal 55 , and a task set at a moderate level of difficulty, we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we loving doing.
41. A. inquires B. requires C. acquires D. gains
42. A. preventable B. maintainable C. sustainable D. critical
43. A. frustrating B. encouraging C. concerning D. instructing
44. A. improved B. indicated C. involved D. inspired
45. A. concept B. receipt C. reception D. condition
46. A. alternative B. appropriate C. approximate D. sufficient
47. A. make B. adopt C. adapt D. adjust
48. A. fully B. really C. readily D. accidentally
49. A. generous B. persistent C. courageous D. resistant
50. A. addict B. advance C. advantage D. admire
51. A. necessarily B. obviously C. gradually D. occasionally
52. A. forbidden B. functioned C. fastened D. facilitated
53. A. In particular B. For example C. In conclusion D.In comparison
54. A. intention B. degree C. purpose D. extension
55. A. temptation B. charming C. attractions D. distractions Section B
上海高考时间2020
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
The adaptation of books to the big screen is nothing new to our society. Books have become well-respected tools for creating a better Hollywood. However, films should be just as respected for their ability to create better writers.
The main skill films help writers develop is attention to progress. Most directors and screenwriters know that the majority of people are not willing to sit through a five-hour film. Thus, every scene must have a purpose. This is a vital objective to keep in mind when writing a novel or short story. With most writing courses placing emphasis on literary techniques, it is easy to become more invested in diction than with actually moving the plot forward. Films remind the writer that while a novel ought to have some degree of literary complexity, the goal at the end of each chapter, page, or sentence is simple: keep the story moving. Films not only help writers develop a plot, but also help writers develop specific moments within their stories. Although writing a means of expression, not all things
are easy to express in writing, especially facial expressions and emotions. Films allow writers to study the bodily and emotional actions that make characters read more realistically and make stories more tempting.
Lastly, sometimes it takes a film to bring about a story idea in the first place. Stop using a horribly specific or extremely uninteresting prompt. A pleasing theme or aesthetic can be enough to inspire a character or setting. As writers, whether fiction or independent, our works often arise from the things we see around us or the things we wish we could see. Nonetheless, our works also arise from the visuals that have been created for us. As literature continues to enter the film industry, perhaps we should make use of film techniques in our literature.
56. Reminded by films, a writer can move the plot forward by .
A. keeping in mind that every word should mean something.
B. providing a description of as many details as possible.
C. paying attention to further enhancing literary complexity.
D. choosing the perfect word to go with his/her thought.
57. According to the postage, films help writers develop in many aspects except .
A. getting an improved expressiveness
B. focusing on keeping the story moving.
C. complicating their thinking and life.
D. bringing in inspiration for new works.
58. The word “prompt” (paragraph 4) probably means .
A. a reason to write.
B. a topic to start from.
C. an excuse to put off working.
D. an element to attract relationship.
59. Which of the following statement s best represents the author’s thoughts in this passage?
A. book writers are the ones promoting the growth of the film industry.
B. directors and screenwriters are more respected than fiction writers.
C. writers should spend more time on wording rather than on other things.
D. filmmaking technique could help book writers to improve themselves.
(B)
American Airlines
Date of Issue: 233 JAN 10
Ping Luo:
Thank you for choosing American Airlines/American Eagle, a member of the one world TM Alliance. Below is your journey plan for the ticket(s) purchased. Please print and keep possession of this document for use throughout your trip.
Record locator: HPMDLH
You may check in and obtain your boarding pass for U.S. domestic electronic tickets within 24 hours of your flight time online at AA. Come by using www.aa/ checkin or at a Self-Service Check-In machine at the airport. For faster check-in at the airport, scan the barcode at any AA Self-Service machine.
Effective February 1, American Airlines will be cashless onboard all flights. For in-flight purchases, we will accept Citi○R/A Advantage○R MasterCard○R and other major credit or debit cards only. Cashless cabins will not be implemented onboard American Eagle and American Connection flights …only cash will continue to be accepted onboard those flights.
60. The above document serves as _______.
A. evidence of booked tickets.
B. explanations of check-in policies.
C. a reminder of airline regulations.
D. an airline ticket and its confirmation.
61. During his journey, Ping Luo will .
A. fly non-stop to his destination.
B. arrive in Chicago in the late afternoon of the same day.
C. have to stay at CHICAGO OHARE airport for two hours.
D. reach his final destination on the next day.
62. According to the document, in order to check in at the airport faster, a passenger may .
A. arrive at the airport far ahead of time.
B. choose the seat in advance.
C. use a self-service machine.
D. contact the record locator online.
(C)
There are classes for the mothers of babies, but there’s no helping with your mum and dad
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