Can 和 could 的用法和区别
■?表示能力:能,能够,会
He could swim when he was five.?他五岁时就会游泳了。
Can you drive a car??你会开车吗?
—Yes, I can.?我会。
—No, I can’t.?我不会。
■?表示推测:可能,会
I think the work can be completed ahead of time.?我认为这项工作能提前完成。
What can he mean??他会是什么意思?
注:表示推测时,could不是过去式,只是语气更委婉;若是推测已发生的事或过去的情况,用can/could have加过去分词。如:
Today is Sunday. He can’t/couldn’t be at school.?今天是星期天。他不可能在学校里。
Mike can’t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.?迈克一定还没有回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
■?表示“有时也会”
It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.?那里有时容易刮风,?特别在春季。
■?表示允许:可以?(口语中常代替may)
You can first lend me one book this time.?这次你可以先借给我一本书。
You can’t take the book out of the room.?你不可以将这本书拿出室外。
注意:
1.?表示允许别人做某事只能用can,不能用could。
2.?can’t?和?mustn’t?一样,都可表示“不准,不允许”。
■?表示请求:可以
Can I go swimming today, please, mum??妈妈,我今天可以去游泳吗?
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station??请告诉我去火车站怎么走吗?
注意:could不是过去式,只是语气较can更委婉,注意在回答中不可用could。如:
—Could I have the television on??我可以开电视看吗?
—Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.?可以。/?不可以。
■can与be able to的比较
(1) be able to比can有更多的时态。如:
In the past 50 years or so, scientists have been able to “see” farther and farther into the sky.?在过去50年里,科学家们已经能够往天空看得更远。
(2)?在表示过去具体某次能够成功做成某事时,只能用was/were able to。如:
He worked very hard and was able to pass that examination.?他学习非常努力他以能够通过了那场考试。
一、情态动词can的用法
1. 表示能力,意思是:能,会。如:
I can't swim.??我不会游泳。
Can you drive??你会开车吗?
2. 表示客观可能性,意思是:可以,可能。如:
That big cinema can seats 2,000 people.??那家大电影院能坐2000人。
He can be very friendly at times.??有时他会很友好。
3. 表示允许(和may意思相近),意思是:可以,能够。如:
You can have the book when I have finished it.??书我看完了可以给你。
Can I use your pen???我可以用你的钢笔吗?
4. 表示惊异、不相信等(用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中),意思是:会,可能。如:
This can't be true.??这不可能是真的。
Can it be true???这可能是真的吗?
二、情态动词could的用法
1. 表示“能力”或“可能性”,作为can的过去形式。如:
Could you speak English then???那时你能讲英语吗?
He said he couldn't follow me.??他说他跟不上我。
2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等情绪。如:
Who could have taken them???谁会把它们拿走了呢?
She couldn't have left so soon.??她不可能这么快就走了。
在这种情况下,could和can是可以换用的,用could时口气较缓和,用can时不相信的程度更强一些,两者在时间上没有差别。
3. 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。如:
/P>
—Could you let me have your passport?
—Yes, here it is.
—看看你的护照好吗?
—行,这就是。
I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果必要我可以早点来。
这时could和can没有时间上的差别。
4. 在虚拟条件句中构成谓语。如:
I would certainly do it for you if I could.??要是我能做得到,我一定会为你们做这事儿。
How I wish I could go with you!??我多么希望和你们一道去!
三、can, could?和?can的过去式be able to的区别与联系。
1. can的过去式是could,但could 除了可作can的过去式外,还可表比can更委婉的语气,因此在回答由could 表示请求的问句中,不能用could,但可用can。如:
—Could you lend me a hand?
—Of course I can.
2. 在表示现在或过去的智力、体力、技能等方面的“能力”时,can, could 常可与be able to互换。如:
/P>
He could (or was able to) swim five miles when he was a boy.
3. be able to有比can更多的形式,如"will be able to","have (has) been able to" "had been able to" 等等。因此be able to常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来或完成的概念。如:
/P>
They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.??他们过三个月就能自己开这台机器了。
4. 在表示成功地做了某事时,不用could,而用was / were able to (或managed to, succeeded in doing sth )来表示。如:
He was able to (or managed to) finish the job yesterday。
但是couldn't和wasn't / weren't able to 常可互换。如:
I couldn't / wasn't able to finish the job yesterday.
5. 与感觉动词连用时,can,could亦可与be able to互换。如:
We could/were able to smell something burning in the kitchen.
will与would的用法
■表示意志或意愿:决心,愿意,……好吗?
We will do our best to save the child. 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。
I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn’t listen. 我叫她别哭,可她就是不愿听。
注:表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时,用Would you…? 比用Will you…?更婉转。如:
Will/Would you please keep the door open?请让门开着好吗?
Will/Would you go with me?你愿意和我一起去吗?
■表示真理或习惯:惯于,总是
Oil will float on water. 没总是浮在水面上。
She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. 他独自在房间里听音乐,一听往往就是几小时。
He would get up early when he lived in the country. 他住在乡下时总是早起。
■表示要求:一定,必须
You will report to me afterward. 你稍后一定要向我报告。
■表示猜测:可能,大概
This will be the house you’re looking for. 这大概就是你的那所房子了。
I think he would accept the invitation. 我想他会接受邀请的。
■表示功能:能
This auditorium will/would seat one thousand people. 这个礼堂能容纳一千人。
■would like表示愿意
I would like to have a word with you. 我想同你说句话。
Would you like a cup of tea? 请你喝杯茶好吗?
■would rather…than…宁愿……也不愿……
I would rather fail than cheat in the examination. 我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。
■would与used to的比较
(1) 两者都可以表示过去经常做某事,常可互换。如:
When I was young I used to/would get up early. 我年青时经常早起。
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