英语个性化教学辅导教案
学生 | 年级 | 上课地点 | 第次授课 | ||||
授课时间 | 星期 | 学科老师 | 教学规划师 | ||||
教学课题 | 情态动词 | ||||||
教学内容 | |||||||
Step 1作业检查+语法填空专练
Step 2知识精讲.情态动词的定义
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
I.情态动词的特点1)有一定词义；
2)不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3)与主要动词的原形一起构成谓语(除。ught to作固定词组看待)
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过 去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
II.情态动词有四类①只做情态动词:must, can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should), will(would)
④具有情态动词特征：have(had, has) to, used to.情态动词的基本用法
can1)表示能力：can“能够"，can't "不能够”
can的过去式He can speak Spanish, but he can't speak Russian.
2)表示请求或者允许，可以和may互换Can I have a look at your new pen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
3)表示推测，一般用于否认和疑问句中。
He can't (couldn't) have enough money for a new car, 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
Could he have finished the task?他可能把任务完成 了吗？
4)表示可能、怀疑、责备的语气，可用于肯定句、否认句、和疑问句中。
He can't (couldn't) be over sixty.他不可能超过六十岁。
How can you be so careless?你怎么这么粗心？
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.
注意：
l.be able to 和 can 的区别be able to和can均可表示能力，意义相当，但表示经过努力才有
能力时，只能用beableto The fire spread through hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
2)将来和完成时态用be able toHe has not been able to get there before dark.
If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem2,带can的常用搭配
cannot do sth but do 不得不做cannot help doing情不自禁的做，不得不做
cannot choose but to do 只好做cannot ・・・too・••无论也不过分；越…越…
You can not be too careful about your study.= You can not be careful enough about your study.
could.在间接引语中，假设主句为过去时，直接引语中的can要改成could
He said he could speak Chinese.
1.could have done表示对过去能做而未能做的事感到惋惜、遗憾。
T could have passed, but I did not study hard.
2.表达请求建议时，could语气比can要委婉。
Could you help me do my homework?
may1)表许可、请求
You may take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。
May I smoke in your class?
Yes, you can.
【注意】can侧重于客观情况的许可，may强调说话的人许可
在回答以may引起的问句时，多防止用这个词，而用其它方式。
Yes, please. / Certainly.
/ Please don't./ You'd better not. / No, you mustn't.
2）表示推测“may+动词原形”，表示对现在和将来的推测，"may +have done"表示对过去的推测
He may be at home.他可能在家。
She may have been beautiful once, but she is not any longer.
3）用在祈使句中表示祝愿May you have a good luck!
May you return in safety. 愿你平安归来。
4）用在让步状语从句中Whoever may say so, it is not true.无论谁这么说，它都不会是真的。
5）带may的习语may / might as well=had better； may well do= be likely to do 完全能，很可能
It's too late. You may / might as well not go.天已晚,你最好不要去。
Her appearance changed so much that you may well not recognize her.她的摸样变化太大，你很可能认不出她。
4.might（l）might为 may的过去式；
The newspaper said it might rain.
⑵might和may都可能表示对现在或者将来的推测，但是may的可能性大一点，might可能性小一点。
It might rain this afternoon.
（3）might也可以用来表示请求、许可，但比may, can, could更加委婉礼貌。
Might I be away earlier?
must1）表示“必须”，多强调说话人的主观看法（表示客观需要时，用have to）
You must learn hard.
2）表示推测，对目前状况的推测用must do /must be doing,对过去推测用must have doneHe must be ill. He looks so pale.他准是病了。他的脸苍白。
Look at the new car. He must have earned lots of money.
【注意】表示推测时，can不用于肯定句，may不用于疑问句，must不用于疑问句和否认句。
3）must的否认形式为must not或者mustn't,意为“禁止，不许”,假设要表示“不必,没必要”时，那么用needrft 或者 don't have toYou needn't go there at once.
注意：
在回答由must引起的疑问句中，如果是否认1Hl答时，不用mustn*,而用needn't, don't have to
—Must we hand in our exercise books now?我们现在就要交练习本吗？
—No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.不必。(这种情况下，一般不用 mustn't)have
to
(l)“haveto+动词原形”，表示不得不，含有客观条件使得不得不这样做，可用于多种时态 My cousin has to practice English every day.
I shall have to work there next week.
(2) 口语中，I have got to, you have got to 相当于 I have to, you have to
【注意】have to / must
have to表示“不得不，必须”表示客观上需要如此，而且可用于不同时态；must强调主观看法。
The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one.
7.dare做情态动词，一般用于疑问句和否认句中。
疑问句：
dare + 主语+do?=do / does / did + 主语 + dare to do?
daren't do=don't / doesn't / didn't dare to doShe dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say I'm unfair?你竟敢说我不公平？
注意：
dare作为及物动词，表示“挑战”和“(使)敢于冒险“，常用于dare sb to do sthI dare him to ask the teacher to give us a holiday tomorrow.
need⑴用作情态动词，常用于否认和疑问句
疑问句：need + 主语+do ?= do / does / did+主语+to do?
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