情态动词
一、情态动词（情态动词表示说话人的看法和态度。）
①情态动词自身都有一定的词义。 ②情态动词不能在句子中单独作谓语。
③情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1、can/ could
(1)表示能力 He can speak English better than you.（2）表示允许You can (may) go home now
（3）表示推测(用于疑问句和否定句) Can this green bike be Liu Dong's?
注：can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和
过去式（could），而be able to则有更多的形式，另外，表示经过努力而成功办到的事，只能用be able to
(4)can和could 还可表示可能性，并且表示委婉语气时，可用could代替can。这时could不再是can的过去式。如：Could you come again tomorrow? Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
(5) can 表示疑问、惊讶的语气。How can you be so clever? 6) can 可表达“有时可能会……”。
如：It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ___be rather cold sometimes.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
Ex:
1) ---Could I borrow your dictionary?---Yes, of course you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
A. might B. will C. can D. should
2) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
3) -Will you stay for lunch?
-Sorry, __. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't
4) May I stop my car here? No, you_＿＿＿. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to
5) （2014北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should
6)（2014大纲卷）30. Although you _____ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should B. need C. must D. can
7)【2012全国II】17. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.
A. can B. might C. would D. need
2、may和might
(1)表示许可（might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。）如： May I use this dictionary?（2）把握不太大的推测（肯定句） Peter ____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. may B. can C. will D. must
注：can(用于疑问句和否定句) 比较： ①This can’t be done by him. ②This might not be done by him.
（3）祈使句表祝愿
(4)may as well+动词原形 译为：“最好，不妨”You may as well do it at once.
Ex:
1）. I have a word with the manager , sir ? A. Will B. Would C. May D. Can
2）— May I use your camera this Sunday ?
— No , you . A. needn’t B. may not C. won’t D. mustn’t
3）—Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?
—I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.A. must B. should C. would D. might
4) —I hear you have got a set of valuable Australian coins. _____ I have a look ?
—Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
5) 8. —Is John coming by train ?
—
He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may
6）（2014江西卷）30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest __become the richest .
A. shall B. must C. need D. might
3. must
1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 注：对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用mustn't， 如： Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to)
2) 在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定.
3) have to和must都有“必须”的意思，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I ______study hard. I ___________give it up because of illness.
4) must可表“偏偏”“偏要” 如：Why_____ you always interrupt me? A. can B. will C. may
D. must
Ex:
1). — I get there on time today ? — No , you needn’t . A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should
2). — May I talk about it with anyone I like ? — No , you .
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. don’t have to
3)—May I talk about it with anyone I like?
—No, you ______. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. don’t have to
4） Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not
4、should / ought to
（should用于构成将来时是助动词。should用于表示“应当”“猜测”是情态动词。）
(1) 表示义务，责任，意为“应当” 。 You should pay for your taxes.
（2） 表示推测，可能性。意为“可能，应该”。It’s mid-night, he should be home.
（3） 表示惊讶和难以置信,表示说话人的感情(惊奇、愤怒、失望等)“竟然” 。can的过去式Why should he do such a thing?
1） It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
2）—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They ______ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need
3）What _______ we to do next ? A. have B. used C. ought D. are
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