动词的第三人称单数及发音规则:
1. 一般直接在此为加-s,-s在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/, ds读/dz/, ts读/ts 如
help -helps/s/ know -knows/z/ get -gets/s/ read -reads/z/
2.以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o 结尾的动词加-es,-es 读 /iz/, 如
guess -guesses fix -fixes teach -teaches wash -washes
注意:go goes/z/ do does /z/
3.辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,-ies读/iz/
carry -carries fly -flies study -studies
注意:在play---plays,say----says中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数形式直接在动词后加-s
4.be动词的第三人称单数分别为am, is, are, have则为has
注意:以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s后,字母”e”发音,与所加-s一起读作/iz/,如close closes/iz/
动词的ing变化规则:
1. 一般情况直接加ing,如 look—looking go---going visit---visiting
2. 以不发音的e结尾的,去e再加ing,如 come---coming make---making write---writing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加ing,如
run---running stop---stopping get---getting swim---swimming begin---beginning
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的,直接加ing,如
study---studying carry---carrying fly---flying cry---crying
5. 以ie结尾的重度开音节动词,先变ie为y,再加ing,如
die---dying tie---tying lie---lying
动词的过去式变化规则:
1. 规则变化
(1) 一般直接在动词后加ed,-ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后读/id/,如
call---called open---opened look---looked want---wanted /id/ need---needed /id/
(2) 以不发音的“e”结尾的,直接加-d ,如
live---lived move---moved hope---hoped
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed,(注意:如果是元音字母加y结尾的,还是直接加-ed,如,play---played, enjoy---enjoyed)如
study---studied cry---cried try---tried
(4) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed,如
plan---planned fit---fitted stop---stopped
2. 不规则变化(要特俗记忆),以下是一些常见的动词的过去式
am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got,
另附清辅音与浊辅音:
清辅音: [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [ts] [t∫] [tr] [h]
浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [r]
音节分为开音节和闭音节
1. 开音节又分为相对开音节和绝对开音节
(1) 相对开音节:“以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e”结尾的叫相对开音节。这里元音字母发自己本身的音。如,cake, grade, name, bike
(2) 绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的叫绝对开音节。如,he, she, me, no,g
o
2.闭音节:以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”结尾的叫闭音节,如,get, put,pen, ten, let
名词单复数与动词三单及动词ing
一、请写出下列名词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出 / 。(25分)
tree _____horse _____ bus___________ fox _____ branch _____
city _____ _ country _____ family _____ boy___________ day____________
leaf _____ life _____ woman _ _____ zoo ______ broom ___________
tooth ____ foot people deer____________ fish_______________
juice__________water____________ milk___________ ox___________ mouse ________
二、填入所给名词的正确形式。(5分)
1、The ______________ are playing football now. (child)
2、There are ten ___________________in our school. (woman teacher)
3、Most of __________ live in __________.(German)
4、There are three ______________ and five _____________ in the room.(Chinese, German)
5、Could you please give me some __________? (milk)
三、请写出下列动词的三人称单数及现在分词形式。(20分)
sit ______________ ______________ swim_____________ _________________
go ______________ ______________ make _______________ _______________
run _____________ _______________ write_______________ ________________
cry _____________ _______________ study _______________ _______________
watch____________ _______________ wash______________ _________________
say ______________ ______________ play _____________ __________________
dance ______________ ______________ draw ______________ _________________
see ______________ ______________ do ______________ ________________
have ______________ _______________ die ______________ ________________
stop ______________ ________________ sing ______________ ________________
四、用do does填空。(10分)
1talk的过去式、_____ you ride a bike after school? Yes, I ________.
2、______ your sister like PE? No, she ______ not.
3、What_______ the students have? They have some pens.
4、How______ Linda go to school? She goes to school on foot.
5、He ______ not speak English. He speaks Chinese.
6、______ they watch TV on Sundays? Yes, they ______ .
7、My father and mother ______ not read newspapers on Saturday.
8、________ you know that girl? Yes, she is my sister.
9、________ your father have CDs? No, he _____________.
10、Why ________ you ________ your homework? We don’ t like it.
五、用一般现在时填空。(5分)
1、My mother ________ not________ (like) English. She _______ (like) Chinese.
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