Unit2InMyDay语法
Unit2InMyDay语法
Unit 2 In My Day 语法：独立主格结构absolute construction
文中例句：
1."Russell's only this big," she said, holding her hand, palm down, two feet from
the floor. [para. 5]
2.She ran after chickens, an axe in her hand, determined on a beheading that would
put dinner in the pot. [para. 15]
3.When she was young, with life ahead of her, I had been her future and resented it.
[para. 48]
Can you identify absolute constructions in those sentences?
独立主格的定义：
所谓独立主格结构，就是由名词或代词+分词/名词/形容词/动词/介词短语构成的结构。
性质：它实际上是一个状语adverbial，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格在句中与其余部分没有语法上的关系，只有意义上的联系，把它去掉后句子仍然成立，因而叫做独立结构。
用途：独立主格多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言（人物、景物描写）中，不过在现代英语口语独立主格也变得比较常见了。
独立主格的位置：相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
e.g.
Supper ready, we came to the table.
He knew they were mad, each in a different way; they amused them.
The meeting is over, the details to be discussed later.
独立结构一般是由从句或两个句子压缩而成的一种独立短语，例如：
(1)After my task was completed, I went to bed.
My task completed, I went to bed.
(2) He lay at full length upon his stomach．His head rested upon his left forearm．
He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm.
独立主格结构的常见构成：common categories of absolute construction
1．名词（包括主格代词，下同）+ 现在分词/过去分词（noun phrase/pronoun + participle phrase）
e.g.
She paused and sighed slightly, her eyes reddening.她停顿了一下，轻轻叹了口气，眼圈变红了。
By now the messenger was before him, both man and horse drenched with sweat.
2．名词+动词不定式(noun phrase + infinitive phrase)
e.g. They agreed on a division of labor, each to translate one-third of the book.
3．名词+形容词/副词(noun phrase + adjective/adverb phrase)
The baby began to cry, his face very pale and his lips colorless.
Head down, he sat there in silence.
4．名词+介词短语(noun phrase +prepositional phrase)
At the entrance there stood two stone lions, one on each side.
5．名词+ 名词（noun phrase + noun phrase）
The brave man fought the tiger, a stick his only weapon.
其他独立主格形式
6．With/without + 上述某独立主格结构（with + any of the above categories）With a lot of work to do, they decided to stay at home.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
副词的位置Weather permitting，I will go there with you.(条件状语)
＝If weather permits….．
The Cossack being intent on his stalking，his foot touched the protruding bough that was the trigger．（原因状语）
＝Because the Cossack was intent on his stalking….．
”I am very hungry”, replied Oliver, tears coming to his eyes. （伴随状况）
= replied Oliver and his tears came to his eyes

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