PET Unit7 Comparative and Superlative of adjective/Adverb
一: 形容词/副词的位置及其区别：
A:形容词的位置：
在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
口诀：(有be用形 有形用be )
B:副词的位置：
一般放在be动词，形容词或实义动词的后面，位置比较灵活，修饰形容词，副词，动词
二：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级范围：
◆比较级只能用在两者之间进行比较，表示“比较..”
◆最高级是三者或者三者以上的比较，表示“最…”最高级前面一定要加the.
三: 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化：
分为规则变化和不规则变化;
★ A: 规则变化：(比较级结尾以er结尾，最高级结尾以est结尾)
变化规律 | 形容词 | 副词 |
1:大多数形容词的比较级一般在词尾直接加er，最高级在词尾加est | short—shorter—shortest tall—taller—tallest | fast—faster—fastest |
2:以字母e 结尾的形容词比较级加r，最高级在词尾加st | nice—nicer—nicest late—later—latest large—larger—largest | late—later--latest |
3：以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i比较级加--er , 最高级加—est | early—earlier—earliest heavy— heavier—heaviest; busy—busier—busiest | early—earlier--earliest |
4：以重读闭音节以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾:应双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级再加er, 最高级加est | big—bigger—biggest; fat—fatter—fattest; hot—hotter—hottest; thin—thinner—thinnest; | |
5: 多音节形容词或部分双音节形容词变比较级在前面加more,最高级在前加most | beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful important—more important—most beautiful | slowly—more slowly—most slowly carfully—more carefully—most varfully |
◆B: 不规则的变化;
形容词原级 | 副词原形 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good | well | better | best |
many/much | much | more | most |
little | little | less | least |
ill/bad/ | 副词的位置badly | worse | worst |
far | far | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
old | older/elder | oldest/eldest | |
注：older 一般指年龄大小 / elder指长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语
My father is older than my mother.
My elder brother is a driver.
farther指距离更远/further指抽像的.
I want to study English further.
further reading
四：句型运用：
A: 比较级基本句型：
★1：原级比较（同级比较）：
词性 | 肯定形式 | 否定形式 |
形容词 | A+be动词+as/ so＋形容词的原级＋as +B | A+be动词否定（+not）+ as/so＋形容词的原级＋as+B |
副词 | A+实义动词+as/ so＋副词的原级＋as+B | A+助动词not+实义动词（根据具体时态）+ as/so＋副词的原级＋as+B |
注意：
★第一个as前可用just，almost，nearly和half等表示程度。 | He doesn’t study half so hard as you. I am as good as he is. |
★当as… as中间有名词时,采用以下格式 | as+adj.+ a/an+可数名词单数 +as as much+不可数名词+as， as many+可数名词复数＋as ------和…… 一样多的某物 He is as good an example as his brother. Bob read as ____ books as Mary. There is as ______ water in this bottle as in that bottle. |
2、带than的结构：
词性 | 形容词 | 举例 |
形容词 | A+be动词+ 形容词的比较级＋than B | Tom is taller than John |
副词 | A+实义动词+副词比较级+than B | You look better than he |
★比较级前可用much(…的多) far（非常）, a lot, a little, even(更…)、still（更…）、a bit(…一点儿) 等表示程度,不能使用very，quite.
举例：This city is much more beautiful than that one
Today is even hotter than yesterday.
She sings much better than the others.
Now I read a little faster than before.
★牢记：比较级的前两个句子可以进行互换：（PET 写作1的考点）
形容词互换结构 | 举例 |
A+be动词否定（+not）+ as/so＋形容词的原级＋as+B= B +be动词+more+多音节的形容词比较级+than B A +be动词+less+多音节的形容词比较级+ than B= | Skateboarding is not as/so dangerous as cycling.= Cycling is more dangerous than skateboarding.= Skateboarding is less dangerous than cycling. |
副词互换结构 | 举例 |
A+助动词的否定（+not）+实义动词+ as/so＋副词的原级＋as+B= B +实义动词 +more+多音节的副词比较级+than B A +实义动词+less+多音节的副词比较级+ than B= | The others didn’t sing as confidently as Mara.= Mara sang more confidently than the others.= The others sang less confidently than Mara. |
★注意：less…than…译为“…不如…”，属于降级比较，less后必须用原级，不要一看到than就用比较级。比较下面的句子:
今天没有昨天冷---哪个正确？
1) Today is less colder than yesterday.
2) Today is less cold than yesterday.
★3.Which/Who is/含有实义动词的疑问句 + 比较级, A or B ?
举例：Which is easier, maths or English?
Who will do better, Patrick or Sarh?
★4、A+ be动词/实意动词+the +比较级 + of the two.两者中较…的一个。
举例：Tom is the taller of the two boys.
Patrick does better of the two boys.
★5、比较级+ and + 比较级， “越来越…”
举例：Now it is hotter and hotter.
China will get better and better.
★6、“The + 比较级+主语+谓语，the + 比较级+主语+谓语” “越…，就越…”
The more , the better. 越多越好。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖
The more exercise you do, the healthier you will become
B: 形容词、副词最高级的用法
★1、◆A+ be动词+the+形容词的最高级+ of/in/among(在..之间) (三者及以上范围的)
◆A+实义动词+副词的最高级＋in(范围) /of(同类) /among(在..之间)
◆A+实义动词+副词的最高级＋in(范围) /of(同类) /among(在..之间)
举例：My mother is the busiest in my family
You came (the) latest yesterday.
You came (the) latest yesterday.
★2、Which/Who is the + 最高级,A ,B or C ?
举例：Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?
★3：A+be动词+one of the + 形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最……之一”
举例：He is one of the tallest boy in the class.
★4：A+be动词+the +序数词+ 形容词最高级+名词 “第……最……”
举例：It is the second highest building in the world.
★注意：形容词最高级前面一定要加the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。
★牢记：比较级和最高级之前的互换：（写作1考点）
比较级和最高级的转换句型 | 举例 |
A +be +形容词的最高级 in (among/ of)…= A +be+形容词的比较级+than any other+单数名词/anyone else | He is the tallest in my class.= He is taller than any other student.. |
A +实义动词+副词的最高级in(among /of)..= A +实义动词+副词的比较级+than any other+单数名词/anyone else | He runs fastest among them.= He yuns faster than any other student. |
二; 常见表示地点和方向的介词;
表示地点的介词 | inside(在…里面) outside(在…外面) opposite在…对面 by在…旁边 behind在…的后面 under在…的下面 in front of在…的前面 in(在…的里面) in the corner of (在..的中央) next to在..旁边 between 在…之间 near靠近… beside在…旁边 |
表示方向的介词 | up(向上) down（向下）on(在…表面上) off离开… along沿着 around围绕 under在…的下面 through穿过（从事物的内部穿过） over(在…的上面) |
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