英语四级翻译方法与技巧
英语四级翻译方法与技巧
    四级考试在即，许多同学都在苦恼做翻译题的方法,下面我就和大家共享英语四级翻译方法与技巧，盼望能够关心到大家，来观赏一下吧。
    英语四级翻译方法与技巧
    1.理解为首要原则
    拿到翻译题之后，先确定原句的意思。假如句子较长，可以先主、谓、宾、定、状、补，分析清晰句子结构，然后再理解。
    许多考生过分侧重对翻译技巧的训练，拿着翻译题就一味想着把英文往中文里套，却没有意识到自己对原文的理解实际上就有偏差，这就很难得到抱负的分数了。
    2. 几种变通手段
    翻译时不能简洁地或机械地逐字照译，硬凑成英文，必需仔细分析上下文，把握词的准确含义，然后用适当的英文表达，必要时应采纳变通手段。
    1)增词、减词
    译文的增词、减词都是为了更准确、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。
    如“感冒可以通过人的手传染”可以译为Flu can be spread by hand contact.其中的contact(接触)就是依据译文需要添加上的。
    而“百姓消失做饭点火难现象”中的“现象”一词可以省略，只译成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表达原文中的信息。
    2)词类转换
    词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，特殊是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类，大部分可以直接转换使用，或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等) 即可转换为另一种词类。
    例如：他的演讲给我们的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.
    汉语句子中“印象”是名词，英语句子中则换成了动词。
    3)语态转换
    汉译英时，人们经常会简洁地认为只要根据原句的语态处理就行了。事实上，在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。所以我们在汉译英时需要敏捷运用语态之间的转换。
    例如：门锁好了。The door has been locked up.
    英语四级翻译真题及答案：剪纸
    剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。剪纸很可能源于汉代，继纸张创造之后。从今，它在中国的很多地方得到了普及。剪纸用的材料和工具很简洁：纸和剪刀。剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，由于红在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。因此，在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合，红颜的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。
    Paper cutting is a unique form of folk arts in China, with a history of more than two thousand years. It is very likely that paper cutting originated from Han dynasty, which followed the invention of paper.( Paper cutting is very likely to have originated in Han dyn
asty, which followed the invention of paper.) Since then, it was popularized in a lot of places in China. The materials and tools which can be used for paper cutting are rather simple: paper and a scissor. The paper cutting works are usually made of red paper, because red color is related to happiness in Chinese traditional culture. Therefore, red paper cutting works are the first choice for the decoration of windows and doors on pleasant occasions such as wedding ceremony and the Spring Festival.
    英语四级翻译答案：教育投资
    【真题】
    中国家庭非常重视孩子的教育。很多父母认为应当努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。他们不仅特别情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花许多时间督促他们学习。多数家长盼望孩子能上高校。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参与国际沟通项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期盼孩子健康成长，为国家的进展和富强做出贡献。
    【参考范文】
    Chinese families attach due importance to childrens education. Numerous parents deem that they should work hard to ensure that their children are well educated. Not only are they very willing to invest in their childrens education, but they also spend a lot of time urging them to learn. The great majority of parents expect that their children are able to go to prestigious universities. As a result of the reform and opening up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in international exchange projects, so as to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they expect their children to grow up healthily and contribute to the development and prosperity of the country.
    【解析】
    这一篇翻译的主题是中国家庭教育观念，篇章中主要考察状语以及宾语从句的翻译。
    (1)中国家庭非常重视孩子的教育。
    【解析】此举为主谓宾结构，非常重视：attach due importance to
    【参考答案】 Chinese families attach due importance to childrens education.
    (2)很多父母认为应当努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。
    【解析】主语：很多父母;谓语动词：认为;宾语：“应当努力工作”，此处宾语为含有动作的句子，翻译为宾语从句，留意从句需要补充从句中的主语“they”。句子后半句处理为不定式“todo”
    【参考答案】Numerous parents deem that they should work hard to ensure that their children are well educated.
    (3)他们不仅特别情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花许多时间督促他们学习。
    【解析】消失“不仅……而且……”, 选择“not only…but also…”处理，可以将not only提前，将句子处理为半倒装。
    花时间做某事：spend time (on / in) doing sth.
    情愿：bewilling to;投资：investin;督促：push/urge
    【参考答案】Not only are they very willing to invest in their childrens education, but they also spend a lot of time urging them to learn.
    (4)多数家长盼望孩子能上高校。
    【解析】主语：多数家长;谓语动词：盼望;宾语为“孩子能上高校”处理为宾语从句。
    多数：most / the great majority of; 高校：prestigious universities.
    【参考答案】The great majority of parents expect that their children are able to go to prestigious universities.
    (5)由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参与国际沟通项目，让其拓宽视野。
英语四级技巧    【解析】此句子有两个状语成分，其中“由于改革开放”是缘由状语，处理为“dueto”或“as a result of”;“让其拓宽视野”是结果状语，处理为so as to broaden their horizons.
    改革开放：the reform and opening up; 国外学习：study abroad;参与国际沟通项目：pa
rticipate in international exchange projects
    【参考答案】As a result of the reform and opening up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in international exchange projects, so as to broaden their horizons.
    (6)通过这些努力，他们期盼孩子健康成长，为国家的进展和富强做出贡献。
    【解析】期盼某人做某事：expectsb. todosth; 留意此处“健康”处理为副词，修饰动词“成长”;
    为…做贡献：contribute to
    【参考答案】Through these efforts, they expect their children to grow up healthily and contribute to the development and prosperity of the country.

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