英国的地理特征
Ⅱ.英国的地理特征II. Geographical Features
英国是个岛国，四周是海。它位于欧洲北海岸附近的北大西洋中。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海把英国与欧洲的其他部分隔开。英法之间的英吉利海峡很狭窄，最狭窄的地方叫多佛尔海峡，只有33 公里宽。1985 年，英法两国政府决定在多佛尔海峡底修建一个隧道，把两个国家连接起来。经过八年的奋斗,这条名为"查诺尔"的海底隧道于1994 年5 月通车。英国的面积为244，100 平方公里。南北长1000 公里，东西最宽阔的地方约为500 公里。因此英国的任何地方离海边都不远，海岸资源丰富。英国海岸线很长且拥有优良的深水港。 海上通道延伸到内陆，提供了低廉的运输。
Britain is an island country. It is surrounded by the sea. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover, which is only 33 km across. In 1985 the British government and the French government decided to build a channel tunnel under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined togeth
er by road. After eight years of hard work this channel tunnel which is called ''Chunnel'' was open to traffic in May 1994. Britain covers an area of 244, 100 square krn. It runs 1, 000 km from north to south and extends, at the widest part, about 500 kilometers. So no part of Britain is very far from the coast and it provides a valuable resource. The British coast is long and has good, provides a valuable resource. The British coast is long and has good, providing cheap transportation.
几个世纪以来，英国一直在缓慢地倾斜。西北部缓慢上升，东南部缓慢下沉。英国的北部与西部主要是山地。这种上升在苏格兰西部形成了突起的海滩――山的平地。这种海滩提供了主要的农田、定居点、工业区及通道。东部及东南部主要是低地，是"欧洲大平原"的一部分，有着平坦的土地及肥沃的土壤。尤其是南部及英格兰东海岸有许多良田。
Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands. In western parts of Scotland this rise in the land has resulted in the formation of raised beaches - flat areas of land in an herwise
mountainous area, which provide the main farming, settlements, and industrial areas as well as routeways. The east and south-east are mostly lowlands. They are part of the Great European Plain, with its level land and fertile soil. There is much good farmland especially in the south and along the east coast of England.
在冰川时代，英国覆盖着大冰块，导致英国壮观的山景，尤其是斯诺多尼亚、湖泊区及苏格兰山地，因此英国拥有平顶的山脉、瀑布流经的山谷、带状湖、平坦的谷底、陡峭的谷倒、冰砾土及沃土。During the Ice Age great ice covered Great Britain. Ice has been responsible for most of Britain's spectacular mountain scenery especially in Snowdonia, the Lake District ,and the Scottish Highlands. It left Great Britain with mountains with flat tops ,hanging valleys with waterfalls, ribbon lakes, flat valley floors ,steep valley sides ,boulder clay and fertile soil.
1.英格兰1. England
英格兰占了大不列颠岛南部的绝大部分面积。英格兰西面是威尔士，北面是苏格兰。面积为130，000平方公里，占整个岛的60%。除了塞汶河谷及柴郡――兰开郡平原(中心为利物浦)
外，其西南部和西部主要是高原，也有起伏的平原、丘陵地及少数沼泽地，但主要是高原。从北中部延伸至苏格兰边境的奔宁山脉是主要山脉。但英格兰的最高峰斯加非尔峰(978 米)却位于西北部的湖泊区。英格兰东部主要是开阔的可耕种平原，此平原的海岸沼泽地和奔宁山脉之间变成一条狭窄的走廊(英吉利海峡海底隧道约克谷)，在诺桑伯兰郡则变成很窄的海岸带。
England occupies the largest, southern part of Great Britain with Wales to its west and Scotland to
its north. It has an area of more than 130,000 square kilometers which takes up nearly 60% of the whole island, the north-west and west except for the Severn valley and the Cheshire-Lancashire plain (round Liverpool) are largely a plateau, with rolling plains, downs and occasional moors. The Pennines, a range of hills running from North Midlands to the Scottish border, are the principal mountain chain. But the highest peak of England, Scafell (978m), is in the Lake District in north-west England. The east of England is mainly an open cultivated plain, narrowing in North Yorkshire to a passage (Vale of York) between coastal moors and the Pennines, and in Northumberland to a coastal strip.
2.苏格兰 2. Scotland
苏格兰面积为78，760 平方公里。位于大不列颠岛北部，拥有众多的山脉、湖泊及岛屿。它有三大自
然区:北部山地、中部低地及南部高地。北部山地 (300――1，200 多米)是一片荒芜而多石的高原，有弯曲
的海岸线，西面尤其如此。本奈维斯山海拔1，343 米，英国的最高峰就在此地。山地西部及赫布里底
岛 风景迷人。狭长的海湾与荒山交错，一些内海上的农场只有坐小船才能到达。中部低地，主要由福斯
和克莱德谷、煤矿和铁矿区及奶牛牧场组成。中部是苏格兰主要的工业区，人口最为稠密，是苏格兰最重
要的地区。南部高地是起伏的沼泽地(多在240-600 米之间)，被众多小而肥沃的河谷所分割。苏格兰有800
座岛屿，包括奥克尼岛，设德兰岛及赫布里底岛，此外还有几百个湖泊。爱丁堡是苏格兰的首府。
Scotland has an area of 78,760 square kilometers. It is in the north of Great Britain with many mountains, lakes
and islands. There are three natural zones: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern
Uplands. The Highlands (300—over 1,200m) are a wild, rocky, mountainous plateau with a coastline deeply
indented, especially in the west. Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m) is located here. The western
part of Highlands and the islands of Hebrides are a very beautiful region. Great sea-lochs, or fiords, alternate with
wild and empty hills, and on some of the lochs there are farms which can only be reached by boat. The Lowlands
in the center comprise mostly the Forth and Clyde valleys, coal and iron fields and dairy pasture. This is the most
important area in Scotland which contains most of the industry and population. The southern Uplands, a rolling
moorland (mainly 240—600m), are cut by small fertile river valleys. Scotland has about 800 islands including the
Orkneys. Shetlands and Hebrides and hundreds of lakes. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
3.威尔士 3. Wales
威尔士位于大不列颠岛的西部，面积为20，761 平方公里，占整个岛的近 9%。威尔士大部分地区是
山。山脉沿海陡峭耸起，而山顶却相当平坦。威尔士6%为森林覆盖，大部分乡村是草原牧场――养牛养
羊，只有12%的可耕地。威尔士形成一个山区，但周边是狭窄的低地，最宽之处是沿英格兰边境和南海岸。
山地高度在180 米到600 米之间，北面多岩石，南面有煤。西北部的斯诺多尼亚山(1085 米)是威尔士的最
高点。威尔士首府是加的夫。Wales is in the west of Great Britain. It has an area of 20,761 square kilometers

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