情态动词+have_done结构
一、“must+have+done”
表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
二、 “can't+have+done”
表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can‘t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
三、 “can+have+done”
表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。
1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?
屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?
到处不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
四、 “could+have+done”
是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,译成“本来能够”做某事而没有做。
1. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
五、 “may+have+done”
表示对过去发生的事情的推测,译成“可能已经”,用于肯定句中。
——What has happened to George?
昨天已成过去——I don't know. He may have got lost.
——乔治发生了什么事?
——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
六、 “might+have+done”
表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。译成“可能已经”,用于肯定句中。
1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.
他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。
2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
七、 “would+have+done”
虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会,,,”。
1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
八、 “should+have+done”
对过去事情的埋怨,意思是本来应该做某事,而实际没做。译成“本应该“
“shouldn‘t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责的意思。译成“本不该“
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.
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