情态动词+have_done结构(过去推测结构)
情态动词+have_done结构
一、“must+have+done
表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
二、 can't+have+done
表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
三、 can+have+done
表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。
1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?
屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?
到处不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
四、 could+have+done
是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,译成“本来能够做某事而没有做。
1. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
五、 may+have+done
表示对过去发生的事情的推测,译成“可能已经”,用于肯定句中。
——What has happened to George?
昨天已成过去——I don't know. He may have got lost.
——乔治发生了什么事?
——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
六、 might+have+done
表示对过去事情的推测,mightmay意思相同,但可能性更小。译成“可能已经”,用于肯定句中。
1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.
他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。
2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
七、 would+have+done
虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会,,,”。
1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
八、 should+have+done
过去事情的埋怨,意思是本来应该做某事,而实际没做。译成“本应该
shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责的意思。译成“本不该
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.

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