直接宾语变为间接宾语[宝典]
直接引语变间接引语的七点变化
一、时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句为过去时态,变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个,即一般现在时变为一般过去时,一般将来时变为过去将来时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时也变为过去完成时,等等(若直接引语为过去完成时,变为间接引语可以不变)。另外,若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等,也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可以变为had to,也可不变,should, ought to, had better等可以不变)。如:
“I like to watch TV,” she sai d. 她说:“我喜欢看电视。”
→She said that she liked to watch TV. 她说她喜欢看电视。
He said, “I’m waiting for her.” 他说:“我在等她。”
→He said that he was waiting for her.他说他在等她。
“It will rain soon,” he said. 他说:“很快就会下雨。”
→Hesaid that it would rain soon. 他说很快就会下雨。
“She can swim,” he said. 他说:“她会游泳。”
→He said that she could swim. 他说她会游泳。
注意:(1) 若直接引语为客观真理,则变为间接引语时时态不变:
The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.” 老师说:“地球绕着太阳转。”
→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。
2) 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语,变为间接引语时时态也可不变:
He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他说:“我是1954年生的。”→He said that he was born in 1954. 他说他是1954年生的。
二、时间状语的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,有些时间状语根据情况也要相应的改动:如将now改为then,将today 改为that day,将tonight改为that night,将yesterday改为the day before,将this month改为that month,
将last week改为the week before,将three years ago改为three years before,将tomorrow改为the next
day,将next year改为the next year,等等。如:
He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他说:“我现在很忙。”
→He said that he was very busythen. 他说他当时很忙。
He said, “I want to leave today.” 他说:“他想今天离开。”
→He said that he wanted to leavethat day. 他说他想那天就离开。
He said, “She left yesterday.” 他说:“她昨天离开了。”
→He said that she had left theday before. 他说她前一天就离开了。
She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她说:“我明天告诉你。”
→She said that she would tell me thenext day. 她说她第二天告诉我。
以上变化有时应视情况而定,若在当时转述,now不必改为then;若在当天转述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为that day, the day before,the next day等;若在当周转述,this week, last week 不必改为that week, the last week;若在当年转述,this year, last year 不必改为that year, the last year等。
三、代词的变化
在直接引语变为间接引语时,有些代词也要作相应的变化,如指示代词this和these通常变为that 和those。同时人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等也要根据具体情况作出合理的调整。如:
He said, “I think this is the best.” 他说:“我认为这是最好的。”
→He said that he thought that was thebest. 他说他认为那是最好的。
“I’ll send you a card, Sue,” Ann said. “休,我将给你寄一张明信片,”安说。
→Ann told Sue she’d send her a card. 安告诉休她将给她寄一张明信片。
昨天已成过去
注:若场所和地点不发生改变,this和that也可以不变。
四、地点状语的变化
主要涉及的地点状语是here,它在间接引语中通常要变为there。如:
“I’ve live here for 10 years,” he said. 他说:“我在这儿已住了10年。”
→He said that he had lived there for 10 years. 他说他在那儿住了10年。
注:若在当地转述,则here也可不必改为there。
五、动词的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,有个别动词也可能需要改变,如come改为go,bring改为take等。如:“He will come today.” she said. 她说:“他今天会来。”
→She said that he would go that day. 她说他那天会去。
注:若地点和场所未发生改变,come和bring等也可不变。
六、语序的变化
对于直接引语为疑问句的情形,由于变为间接引语后“疑问句”变成了宾语从句,所以要注意将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。如:
“Do you know this man?” he asked. “你认识这个人吗?”他问。
→He asked if [whether] I knew that man. 他问我是否认识那个人。
“Is anyone late for class?” he asked. 他问道:“上课有人迟到吗?”
→He asked if [whether] anyone was late for class. 他问上课是否有人迟到。
“What do you do in the evening?” he asked “你一般晚上做什么?”他问
→He asks what I did in the evening. 他问我晚上一般干什么。
七、句式的变化
有时由直接引语变为间接引语时,其句式也要发生变化。如当直接引语为祈使句时,变为间接引语时,通常应将祈使句改用ask [tell, order] sb (not)to do sth句式。如:
“Come early tomorrow, Jim,” he said. 他说:“吉姆,明天早点来。”
→He told Jim to come early the next day. 他叫吉姆第二天早点来。
He said, “Don’t open the door.” 他说:“别开门。”
He told me not to open the door. 他叫我别开门。
注:(1) 除动词 ask, tell, order 外,有时也可能用其他动词。如:
“Remember to switch off all the lights,” she said. 她说:“记着把所有的灯关掉。”She reminded me to switch off all the lights. 她提醒我把所有的灯关掉。
(2) 若祈使句中没有呼语,应根据句意给动词 ask, tell, order 等补上适当的宾语。如:“Be quiet, Tom,” the teacher said. “汤姆,安静点,”老师说。
The teacher told Tom to be quiet. 老师叫汤姆安静。

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