将下列句子变为被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
一．被动语态的时态：
1.一般现在时的被动语态：  am /is/ are +动词的过去分词
2.一般过去时的被动语态：  was /were +动词的过去分词
3.一般将来时的被动语态：  will be +动词的过去分词
4.现在进行时的被动语态：  am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词
5.现在完成时的被动语态：  have /has +been +动词的过去分词
6.情态动词的被动语态：  情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词
二．被动语态的基本用法:
(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时
The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world
English is widely spoken in the world now.
 (2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .
The problem is dealt with now .
(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时
It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .
三．主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。
  注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。
      2.主动、被动的句式要一致。
      3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
语态转换不被动语态的步骤
1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语
2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。
3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。
4, 其它成分不变
5, 被动语态中"by+宾语"的省略
被动语态句式中的"by+宾语"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者"by +宾语"常常被省略。
(1) 动作执行者不确定时
Paper is made from wood .
Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .
(2) 不必表明动作执行者时
English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages
Football is played in most schools。
(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时
Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.
一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式
(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+by
It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute .
 (2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by
She was not given a paniting by him .
This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .
(3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?
Was it made of bamboo?
(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by
What was is made of ?
教你一招
如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are
如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .
由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式
(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice.
She ought to tidy up her bedroom----Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.
You should buy a dictionary at once ----A dictionary should be bought at once by you.
(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by
You must not take out any books .- Any books mustn't be taken out by you .
They needn't look after the little child ----The little child needn't be looked after (by them)
(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by
Can you use it ?------Can it be used ?
常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.
主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:
1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .
2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you?
We will have a meeting .
四．特殊情况的被动语态：
1.带双宾语的被动语态：
动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)
口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。
1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .
2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb
He gave me a book
I ______ ______ a book by him.
A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .
My mother made me a cake .
I ____ _____ a cake by my mother
A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .
2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .
口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。
动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch
make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth
The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.
3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。
I heard Tom singing just now  Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .
4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
We should take care of the old .  The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ .
五．注意事项：
1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：
last ,have ,own …..belong to ,suit…fine ,
2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：
happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)
3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….
The dish tastes good .
4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well
This kind of skirt sells well.
5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .
All the computers need repairing .=
All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .
6.在too…to…及enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。
The problem is too difficult to solve.
将下列句子变为被动语态：
  1. We often sing this song.
  _______________________________
  2. He broke his leg in the match.
  _______________________________
  3. She will sell her house soon.
  _______________________________
  4. He is repairing the machine.
  _______________________________
  5. He has finished his work.
  _______________________________
  6. We call him Lao Wang.
  _______________________________
  7. We must do something to help her.
  _______________________________
  8. What did you say at the meeting?
  _______________________________
  9. He gave me some old magazines.
  _______________________________
  10. He told me to wait at the gate.
  _______________________________
把下列句子变成被动语态
1.We found some jewels in a box.
2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
3. James has left a parcel for you.
4. You must finish the article before Friday.
5. They will not paint the house again next year.
6. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.
7. I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.
8. Where did he translate the story?
9. We had to repair our TV set.
10. Do they take good care of the sick?
11. They company has paid the workers very handsome wages.
12. They showed me the room where they lived.
、被动语态概述
  语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
  如：He opened the door.  他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
    The door was opened.　这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
  二、被动语态的构成
  被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
  1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：
   
  2、被动语态的句式变化：
  以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：
   
  3、含有情态动词的被动语态
  情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；
  其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。
  如：Tables can be made of stone.　桌子可由石头制造。
    Tables could be made of stone at that time.　那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
    Can tables be made of stone?  桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
  三、被动语态的用法：
  1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
  如：The bridge was built last year.　这座桥是去年建造的。
    He was elected chairman.　他被选为主席。
  2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
  如：The room hasn't been cleaned yet.　房间还没有打扫。
    The tiger was killed by him.　老虎被他杀死了。
  3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
  如：The window was blown by wind.　窗户被风吹开了。
    The whole village has been washed away by the flood.　整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
  4、表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词”句型。
  如：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.　据说露茜已经出国了。
    It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)　大家相信他是个间谍。
  其它常见的“It is + 过去分词+ that”句型还有：
  It is reported that…据报道
  It is said that…据说
  It is believed that…大家相信
  It is suggested that…有人建议
  四、主动语态变为被动语态
  转换图示：
         
昨天已成过去  1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
  (1)将主动句的宾语变为主语：
    注意：
    如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。
    如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
  (2)将动词改为“be+过去分词”。
    注意：
   
    They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.
    他们昨天开会了。
  (3)将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。
    注意：
    如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
    如：He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
   
  2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
  (1)主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”的单词，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，但原主语被强调 时除外。
  如：They set up this hospital in 1975.→This hospital was set up in 1975.
    这所医院建于1975年。
    Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作。
    The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。
  (2)含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
  如：Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
    We were told the truth by Jack.
    The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
  五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
  以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等。
  下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，have
  如：An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
    An accident happened yesterday.（ ）
    The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
    The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
    This book sells well.这本书畅销。
  六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
  1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
  如：English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
    Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
    The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
  2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
  如：The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
    He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
    My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
  3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done；would/should be +done)
  如：A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
    A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
    I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。

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