大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷350 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 4. Translation
Part Ⅳ Translation
1． 对所有中国的大一新生来说，9月是激动人心的日子。许多人都是第一次走出家门，在一个新环境中生活。但在数周后，激动的心情慢慢地被乡愁(homesickness)所取代。乡愁是因为离开家而产生的痛苦之情。他们想念家人、以前的朋友和同学、甚至是自己的旧床铺。有些学生只会觉得有一点孤独、悲伤或焦虑。其他人可能会表现出胃痛或头痛等身体不适的症状。
正确答案： September is an exciting month for every Chinese college freshman. It’s the first time for many of them to leave home to live in a new environment. But after a few weeks, excitement gradually gives way to homesickness which is the distress caused by the separation from home. They miss their family members, old friends and classmates, or even the old bed. Some students may only feel a little loneliness, sadness, or anxiety. Others may feel physical symptoms, like stomachache or headache.
解析：1．翻译第1句中的“9月是激动人心的日子”时，为了符合英文的表达逻辑，应把“日子”转化为“月”，表达为September is an exciting month。2．第2句中的“第一次”，可套用句型it is the first time for sb．to do sth．来表达。“在一个新环境中生活”表目的，故将其译作目的状语，表达为to live in a new environment。3．第3句中的“激动的心情慢慢地被乡愁所取代”可译为excitement is gradually replaced by homesickness，但不如译文中的excitement gradually gives way to homesickness表达得生动、自然。4．第4句的主语“乡愁”正好是前一句的宾语，故将其与上一句合并，处理成由which引导的定语从句。定语“因为离开家而产生的”较长，可处理成后置定语，用表被动的分词短语caused by the separation from home来表达。 知识模块：汉译英
2． 广州以“购物天堂”著称。这里有众多的市场、商业街和购物中心。各种世界名牌商品(commodity)都可以在这里到，你可以在市中心买到几乎任何你想要的东西。在广州，同类型的商店通常扎堆在一起，久而久之就形成了许多具有鲜明特的街道。夜市是从黄昏开市至午夜，销售日常用品、衣服和食物。它不仅方便了购物者，也是一种夜生活。
正确答案： Guangzhou city is known as “shopping paradise”. There are huge amounts of
markets, commercial streets and shopping malls. All sorts of world-famous brand commodities can be found here, and you can get almost anything you want in downtown area. In Guangzhou, shops of the same kind usually gather together and gradually form many streets with distinct characteristics. Night markets open from dusk to midnight, selling daily articles, clothes and food. It is not only convenient for shoppers but also a sort of nightlife.
解析：1．第1句中的“以……著称”用短语be known as来表达，后面跟表示某种职业或某种身份的名词或名词短语。而be known for后面跟闻名的原因。2．第3句由两个分句组成，两个分句句意完整且逻辑主语不同，故可处理成and连接的并列句。注意前一个分句中的“可以在这里到”实际上隐含被动的意味，故译成被动语态。“任何你想要的东西”译成anything you want。3．第4句中有两个并列的动作：“扎堆在一起”和“形成”，二者语义独立，故用and来连接。定语“具有鲜明特的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语with distinct characteristics来表达。4．倒数第2句中有两个谓语：“开市”和“销售”，但均较短，故可选用“开市”作为句子的谓语，将“销售日常用品……”处理成现在分词短语selling daily articles．．．，作“开市”的伴随动作。 知识模块：汉译英
3． 中国的老龄人口在快速增长。预计到2050年，全国将有三分之一的人口超过60岁。然而，在中国的大多数城市，养老院(nursing home)数量很少且针对性的服务远远落后。这就是为什么大多数中国人在他们变老时，更愿意留在自己的子女或配偶身边。一些政协委员(CPPCC member)建议增加保障老龄人口权益的国家财政预算，给养老院提供更多的基础设施(infrastructure)并提高其服务质量。
正确答案： China’s aging population is growing rapidly. It is predicted that by 2050 one out of three Chinese will be over 60 years old. However, in most Chinese cities, there are few nursing homes, and their targeted services lag far behind. That’s why for most Chinese, when they grow old, they would rather stay with their children or spouses. Some CPPCC members suggest that more national budget should go towards protecting aging population’s rights and interests, by building more infrastructure and improving service in nursing homes.
解析：1．第2句中的“预计……”用句型it is predicted that…来表达，更符合英语的表达习惯。“三分之一”用短语one out of three来表达比one third更生动。2．第3句中的“养老院数量
很少”可逐字译成nursing homes are few，或转译成there be结构。3．最后一句中“建议”后的内容“增加……”为无主语句，故可将该句译成suggest doing sth．的结构，或可译成suggest that．．．的从句，无主语句部分则译为被动句，同时注意“建议”suggest后接的宾语从句必须用虚拟语气“(should+)动词原形”。“给养老院提供……服务质量”跟前半句看起来是并列关系，但经分析可发现这一句可看作是“保障老龄人口权益”的方式，故用介词by引导现在分词短语来表达。 知识模块：汉译英
4． 壮族(the Zhuang ethnic minority)是中国人口最多的少数民族，约有1900万人。超过90％的壮族人居住在广西，其余分布在云南、广东、贵州和湖南等南方省份。壮族人有自己的语言。壮语主要分为南北两大方言。由于南方地区气候温和，雨量(rainfall)充足，壮族的主要农产品是热带和亚热带(subtropical)作物，如水稻和玉米。大多数壮族人的日常食物与汉族的并无多大差别。
正确答案： With a population of about 19 million, the Zhuang ethnic minority is the largest minority group in China. Over 90 percent of the Zhuang people live in Guangxi while the rest is distributed in southern provinces in China like Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizh
ou and Hunan. The Zhuang people has its own language which is mainly divided into southern dialect and northern one. The Zhuang people’s agricultural products are tropical and subtropical crops such as rice and corn due to the mild climate and abundant rainfall in southern China. The daily food of most Zhuang people is of little difference from that of Han people.
解析：1．第1句用介词短语结构with a population of about 19 million来表达“约有1900万人”，这样译文简洁流畅且符合英文表达习惯。2．第2句的两个分句分述了壮族人的居住地，可处理成用while连接的并列句，表对比。在后半句“其余分布在云南、广东、贵州和湖南等南方省份”中，宾语的核心词是“南方省份”，而前面的修饰成分较长，故将其置后，用介词短语like Yunnan，Guangdong，Guizhou and Hunan来表达。3．第3、4句都是讲述壮族的语言，且语句均较短，这种情况可通过使用定语从句的方法来“合句”翻译。故将第4句“壮语主要分为南北两大方言”处理成前一句话的定语从句，用关系代词which引出。4．倒数第2句的第1个分句“由于南方地区……”表原因，若译成because引导的从句，译文显得啰嗦冗长，故用介词短语due to…来处理，将“气候温和”和“雨量充足”转译成名词词组，语言精炼，表达清晰。5．最后一句比较了壮族和汉族的饮食；该句可按中文语序直译，“并无多大差别”
译为be of little difference。该句也可以处理成there be句型，译为there is tittle difference between the daily food of most Zhuang people and that of Han people． 知识模块：汉译英
5． 11月11日是中国特有的“光棍节”(Singles Day)。节如其名，这个节日是专门为那些还过着单身生活的人设立的。主要的庆祝方式是和光棍朋友们聚在一起吃一顿。人们也会举办相亲(blind date)会，想藉此来告别单身。四个“l”不仅可以代表“单身”，还能表示“唯一”，所以这一天也成了一些人的爱情告白日。而有些人则选择在这个日子结婚。
正确答案： On the 11th day of November, Singles Day is a special occasion in China. As the name indicates, this Day is the one exclusively for people who are still living single lives. The main way to celebrate Singles Day is to have dinner with single friends. People also hold “blind date” parties in an attempt to say goodbye to their single lives. In addition to the meaning of 英语四级如何算分“being single”, the four “l”s of the date also suggest “the only one”. Therefore, the Singles Day also serves as a good day for some people to express their love. Some people choose to marry on this day as well.
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